Disadvantages fast food Essay

Fast food is pretty controversial. It has some advantages like saving time and money, but also some drawbacks, most of them related with one’s health condition. The popularity of fast food is on the rise in more and more countries of the world. Many people consider it a convenient source of food especially given the fact that the modern man is always in a hurry. This type of food is prepared and served very quickly and it can be excellent for busy people or for single persons who don’t have time or desire to cook. Even though it certainly comes with a bunch of advantages, there are also disadvantages of fast food which need to be considered carefully. Undoubtedly, the main advantage of fast food is the fact that it saves time. Home cooked meals don’t only require the actual time for preparing the food, but also time spent shopping and washing the dishes. Such problems simply don’t exist when going for fast food. This is also an excellent choice for people who don’t like or don’t know to cook or for single people who don’t feel like cooking for one. Fast food is definitely cheaper, especially for people who live on their own. When cooking for a single person, you almost always end up with more food than necessary. Fast food on the other hand comes at a lower price than home cooked meals. Even though the main disadvantages of fast food are health related, people on a diet can also find good options in the menu of most fast food chains. There are salads to choose from and whole wheat breads. Some fried products also have boiled alternatives. When it comes to drinks, one can skip the sugary ones and go for fresh juices or low fat milk. Fortunately, fast food is not very rich in desserts, so there is no temptation. People can also customize their orders and exclude unhealthy ingredients like mayonnaise for inst ance. Fast food opponents argue that there are many disadvantages of fast food for the health condition of the consumer. This type of food is richer in salt, fats, oils and artificial substances than home cooked meals. This increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Unfortunately, obesity is on the rise and it is strongly connected with the popularity of fast food. While the body definitely needs salt and fats, the amount of these ingredients in fast food is too high. Additionally, the cooking method of fast food usually implies frying which destroys most nutrients. The adverse effects of the fats, sugars, chemicals and salt in fast food are definitely enhanced by a  sedentary lifestyle. In most of the cases the people who eat lots of calories from fast food don’t burn these calories because they don’t exercise enough. The result is that the extra calories transform in fat and lead to obesity. Disadvantages of fast food are not only related with the health condition. If fast food is cheaper for a single person, things change when an entire family consumes such food regularly. Enemies of fast food also come up with the argument that eating ready to serve food reduces the quality time that a family can spend together cooking and eating. Ordering and eating in a fast food restaurant is very quick and people don’t take the time to enjoy food and to chat while eating. While there are undeniable benefits of fast food, there are also aspects which should worry regular consumers. As always, moderation is needed in consuming this type of food. Occasional visits at a fast food restaurant are not as harmful, especially if they are combined with plenty of physical activity. However, a sedentary lifestyle and constant consumption of fast food can lead to health problems. More than 13,000 McDonald’s restaurants in the United States itself, and over 8000 KFCs in 80 countries, only goes to reflect the popularity of fast food all over the world. Food that is prepared and served quickly is termed as ‘fast food’. Such type of food suits perfectly into the fast paced life of a working individual. There is nothing more than ready-made food that a hard-working professional living in the city away from family could ask for. However, those who are against fast food highlight the adverse effect that it has on our health. Despite all the debate about the advantages and disadvantages that fast food has, the industry is flourishing. Is fast food good or bad? The most evident advantage of fast food is that it saves time. In today’s fast-paced life, there is nothing better than getting a ready meal. No matter how much the chefs praise the benefits of fresh food, at the end of a hard-working day, when one returns home all tired and hungry, a pizza or a burger can be godsend. Besides the time an individual has to spend in the kitchen, cooking a meal also requires one to make a trip to the supermarket to buy the ingredients for the dish. Then there is the added effort and time consumed in washing and peeling the vegetables. All this  makes eating fast food score more preferably over cooking a meal for a busy individual. Besides time, cost saving gives fast food an edge over the meal prepared in the kitchen. If one lives alone, then it is cheaper to buy a meal at the supermarket instead of cooking it at home. Also certain fast foods like fries and burgers come pretty cheap. Fast food does raise health concerns. However, if careful, you can find some options on the menu of a fast food restaurant t hat could be healthier. Salads are a smart choice. Go for bread products that are made from wheat bread. Opt for lean meat. If you could choose between the fried and boiled options, order the boiled preparation. Avoid ordering carbonic drinks when you are thirsty. Go for fruit juices, low-fat milk, diet soda. Is there anything better than plain water to quench your thirst? These days, nutrition information of the food served (and ingredients used) is displayed in the menu card. You could always resort to the ‘make to order’ option that certain fast food outlets offer, where you could restrict the use of ingredients that are not healthy. As dessert does not play an important role in the fast food meal menu, you can keep yourself away from delicious and tempting sugary dishes. Usually, fast food is higher in soya, fat, sugar, oil, fried meat, salt, cheese, mayonnaise and obviously calories. The greatest disadvantage of fast food is the adverse effect that it has on one’s health. It is a fact that fast food is more unhealthy than home-cooked meals, as it contains higher amounts of unwanted nutrients like salt, fat and various types of additives (artificial chemicals). It may contain harmful bacteria too. Frying destroys most of the essential nutrients from the food. Very small amounts of vegetables and fruits are normally present in fast food. Moreover, ‘serving larger portions’ when most people don’t need extra portions has led to several health problems. We require a small amount of salt to maintain the health of the cells and tissues. Fast food being rich in salt, adversely affects the heart health and the overall health of an individual. Such type of food is an important contributor to obesity in the American population. Obesity is on the rise, and a direct link is being cited between fast food and obesity in children. Given the sedentary lifestyle that we lead today, the excess fats and calories that we take in with fast food is not used up completely. The result is that these accumulate in our body as fat deposits that cause complications like cardiovascular diseases and other related diseases of the  heart. With obesity come other problems like high blood pressure and diseases of the joints. It is like a chain reaction set off by fast food and carried forward by our unhealthy lifestyle. In fact, a recent study has shown that people who live within walking distance of a fast food restaurant are at 13% higher risk of suffering from strokes than those who live a considerable distance away. The greater the number of people at a meal in a fast food restaurant, the larger is the bill. Eating at fast food outlets is economical only for a single person. Going out to a fast food eating joint with family once in a while won’t matter much. However, frequent visits to such restaurants with one’s family can become quite an expensive affair, besides being unhealthy. Fast foods joints are also being seen as a factor that is making a number of families spend less and less time together. Family meal time is something that is considered as an opportunity for all the members to come together and share their experiences. However, the fast food centre is quickly eating into this quality time. This is especially true about youngsters for whom a fast food centre is a good place to hang out with friends and peers. Fast food is an invention of the modern times. Ready-made food being served fast and right in front of us is like a blessing after a hard day’s work. However, like everything, it has its own pros and cons. Citing a few points about the advantages of fast food does not mean that I am denying its drawbacks. It is a fact that high amounts of fats and salt in fast food are raising concerns about their adverse effect on health. However, by making some smart choices while placing the order and also resorting to an active lifestyle, we can definitely minimize the drawbacks of fast food.

Gerald Manley Hopkins` `The Windhover` Essay

Explain: â€Å"he rung upon the rein of a wimpling wing.† The word â€Å"rung† used here is an old technical term meaning in this case to rise spirally in flight. The falcon Hopkins describes here circles the air upon the â€Å"rein of a wimpling wing.† His flight is reined like a knight would rein his horse. The wing does the reining, and its feathers wimple, or fold, to produce the graceful spiral in flight. Hopkins’ falcon as described in this poem is at the height of his glory and grace. I can see it as being a traditional Medieval image of Christ as a knight on horseback. The falcon is the Christ performing beautiful and miraculous actions while challenging the writer to follow him to these heroic heights Why is your â€Å"heart in hiding†? The falcon or Christ stirs his heart that was in hiding. Christ awakened his heart and brought his heart back to the light from which it was hid. I see the â€Å"heart in hiding† meaning the poet knows that his heart is not fully committed to God/Christ so therefore it is not fully committed to the purpose of spiritual striving even though he seems to acknowledge that when a person’s entire being is brought into accordance with God’s will they will be at the best place they can be, he knows even he himself isn’t there yet. He acknowledges that something glorious happens to those who relinquish themselves for a higher striving and he draws inspiration from the falcon who is already at that point he hasn’t allowed himself to be at, yet. What is the connection between the `blue-bleak embers` of a fire and a plough (plow)? The blue-bleak embers gash, fall and break apart and let out a gold glow when they fall or crack open—radiates in destruction before death, like the heart becomes radiant in sacrifice and death. The soil reveals its beauty also when that wound is ripped into by the plow. It can be seen as the striving to serve God brings out one’s inner glow just as for example, by using a plow one is actually polishing it as it is serving its finest purpose, the purpose it is made for. Simply by doing the work it, the plow and we, the creation was put here to do, causes us to shine. The poet is telling us there is a luminous core to every single individual which when living a life close to God/Christ it is seen or exposed. Why does Hopkins compare the Falcon to a skate, bows bend, and a plow? How are these metaphors for Christ? The ice skater and the falcon glide atop their support and control it in a supreme, artistic fashion. Because the poet uses the word, â€Å"dauphin,† the falcon is the ruler of the day or dawn. The falcon serves as an image of Christ. To me, I feel the metaphors for Christ are apparent when one thinks of all the grace and effortless majesty displayed by the falcon and the skater, how much greater is the reward of one moment’s communion with God.

Mathematical Theory of Communication on Art

Shannon and Weaver’s Mathematical Theory of Communication is probably the most influential of all communication models; and has been used as a guide from which many contemporary communication theories have emerged. The theory’s large influence on communication studies has also led some to claim that the theory is widely applicable to human communication. In this essay, I will be analyzing how artworks are used to communicate messages and ideas to the general audience with the use of this theory. For the first part, I will briefly introduce the theory as a general entity. I will follow with my analysis.The Mathematical Theory of Communication The Mathematical Theory of Communication, hereinafter be referred to as the Mathematical Model, consists of several elements. The first five elements namely, Information Source, Transmitter, Channel, Receiver and Destination are all connected in a linear fashion. The sixth element, Noise Source, is connected to the Channel. The mode l is illustrated below (Figure 1). Figure 1: Mathematical Theory of Communication The Information Source is what produces the message. A Transmitter encodes the message into a signal and is passed through a Channel.The Receiver then decodes a message from the signal and is passed to the Destination. Noise Source is anything added to the signal that is not intended by the Information Source and distorts the message. Using this model, there are many ways an artwork can communicate a message. The first instance is when an artwork is both the Information Source and Transmitter and the audience the Destination and Receiver. In the second instance the artist is the Information Source, the artwork the Channel and the audience, again, the Destination.The third instance is when an arts manager is placed into the equation. The Artwork and Audience The first instance is probably the ‘cleanest’ of the three ways proposed, involving two parties, the artwork and the audience. A paint ing hung on the wall at a gallery catches the eye of an audience member. The audience member proceeds to stand in front of the painting and attempts to analyze the painting’s message or perhaps just marvel at its brilliance. In this case, the simplistic Mathematical Model can then be further simplified to just include just the Information Source, Noise and Destination.Noise in this scenario may include the inappropriate lighting in the gallery, noisy children running around in the gallery or even the way the painting is presented. All of the above would diminish the audience’s ability to interpret the artwork’s message. The underlying assumption here is that the artist has completely divorced himself from the artwork and does not care how the audience interprets his art. However some artist do care about the message being send across. The Artist The second instance brings in the ‘third’ party, the artist.Here the artist is the Information Source and Transmitter who uses his artwork to communicate ideas. This artwork becomes the Channel of communication. Now Noise has the potential to disturb the message at two points, one between the Transmitter to the Channel, and the other from Channel to Receiver. The shape of Mathematical Model thus becomes slightly irrelevant, although the linearity of the model stays in contact. Noise can happens in the first point when the artist is unable to materialize fully his concepts. This could be due to the lack of funds or the inability to acquire certain materials the artist hopes to use.The message is then compromised. The second point occurs when the audience is unable to interpret correctly what the artist is trying to convey. There are many communication theories that elaborate on this, however for the purposes of this essay I will elaborate on ‘preconceived notion’ and ‘ideological differences’. Preconceived notions could come in many forms, for instance when one first views Damien Hirst’s The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living, one might assume the glass tank was an thoughtless choice when in actuality there was a certain artistic element to it.Yet such a misunderstanding does not affect the overall message of Hirst’s work. However an ideological difference, could affect greatly the message intended. The list of ideological differences is endless, but one of the most prominent ideological different that still persists in this century is religion. To one the Balinese Dances may have religious significance however to another who is a non-believer, such dances might just be a work of art with culture as the theme. In addition, the masks used in such dances might become a sacred object but to another it might be nothing more than a work of art.The time and purpose of an artwork might also create disparity in the understanding of the message. During the 16th century, the art was used to propaganda the Ch ristian faith, which was competing for the spiritual allegiance of masses with the other religious fractions in Europe. Now however, an art lover would just be inspired at the sheer brilliance of the artwork, eliminating the evangelical purpose. Arts Manager The third instance introduces a ‘fourth’ party to the equation, the arts manager. Communicating art, as illustrated above, is no easy task.One might need to transcend boundaries and ideologies in order to fully understand the message of the artwork. The arts manager can be placed in numerous positions in the Mathematical Model. In one instance the arts manager might elongate the communication chain. The artist (Information Source) might communicate to the Arts Manager (Receiver). The Arts Manager, now the Information Source, will then communicate to the Audience who becomes the second Receiver. This elongated chain would then create more opportunities for Noise to develop. The arts manager may also assume the role o f the Channel.Here the artist or artwork will be the information source. In this model, if related back to the original Mathematical Model implies that the arts manager (Channel) is the sole producer of Noise, if any. Conclusion Ultimately when communicating, the ideal circumstance would arise if the message to be conveyed is transmitted and understood in its entirety. Thus is it the job of an arts manager to reduce Noise so that the artist is able to convey his message? Or is it the artist job to better his craft if he wants to convey the message? With that said, is Noise necessarily always negative?What if the Noise was intended? In the experimental exhibitions entitled Not Against Interpretation, the Singapore Art Museum decided to challenge the concept of interpretation by allowing several curators to interpret the same artworks to the audience. The audience can then decide which interpretation to accept. The philosophy behind this is to exploit the ‘openness’ of co ntemporary art and also provide an opportunity to engage with people from varied backgrounds. Bibliography Agata, T. & Okada, T. â€Å"How does information about creative process affect audience appreciation of artwork? Proceedings of the Twenty-eighth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (2006): 949-954. Print Berger, John. Ways of Seeing. London: Penguin, 2008. Print. Dannatt, Adrian. † Life’s Like This Then It Stops† Flash Art. Web. 24 Apr. 2012. . Elsen, Albert E. Purpose of Art An Introduction to the History and Appreciation of Art Fourth Edition. USA; Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. , 1981. Fiske, John. Introduction to Communication Studies. London: Routledge, 1990. Print. Introduction to Bali: Art Ritual Performance. Dir.Deborah Clearwaters. Asian Art Museum’s Education and Public Programs, 2011. Film. Newton, Eric. â€Å"Art as Communication. † British Journal of Aesthetics 1. 2 (1961): 71-85. Print. Pang, Ruben. Personal intervi ew. 5 April. 2012. Roszak, Theodore. The Cult of Information: The Folklore of Computers and the True Art of Thinking. New York: Pantheon, 1986. Print. Shannon, Claude E. and Warren Weaver. â€Å"The Mathematical Theory of Communication. † Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 1949. Tinggal, Zainal Abiddin. The Dances of ASEAN. Brunei Darussalam: ASEAN Committee on Culture and Information, 1998. Print. ——————————————- [ 1 ]. John Fiske, â€Å"Introduction to Communication Studies† (1990) Pg 6. [ 2 ]. Ibid. [ 3 ]. The essay revolves around the assumption that artists use art as a communicative device to express emotions and ideas. Eric Newton further elaborates this idea in his paper †Art as Communication†. [ 4 ]. To better illustrate the Mathematical Model assume a telephone conversation. In such a case the Channel is the wire and the signal is the ele ctrical wire in it. The telephone handsets are the Transmitter and Receiver, and the people using those handsets are the Information Source and Destination.Noise Source in this instance could be distortion of sound in the telephone wire due to various reasons. [ 5 ]. Many critics have condemned Shannon and Weaver’s theory to be overly simplicity. One such critic, Theodore Roszak, agues in his book â€Å"The Cult of Information† that the model has no mechanism for distinguishing important ideas from pure non-sense. [ 6 ]. Although the article â€Å"How does Information about Creative Process Affect Audience Appreciation of Artwork? † does not provide conclusive findings, the study conducted does however provide relevant insight with regards to forming curatorial concepts. 7 ]. In the interview conducted on 5th April 2012, Ruben Pang, a local painter, reveals that he prefers that his artworks connect with the audience on their own accord. And in his analogy  "Much to the same degree as a love song with generic lyrics. The audience likes the song because they are deluded that it relates to them when in actual fact the love song might be about a particular girl. However when the audience finds out that the love song is indeed about a particular girl, the lost interest in the song. † [ 8 ]. The Propeller Group, a team made of three video artists, made a video entitled ‘Uh! to communicate the ideas of freedom of expression in present day Vietnam. For an online interview with the Propeller Group please refer to http://is. asia-city. com/events/article/60-seconds-propeller-group. [ 9 ]. After publishing the original theory in the The Bell System Technical Journal, Shannon and Weaver became that Noise could happen at other points besides the Channel. Another theory, the Information Theory was thus conceived. [ 10 ]. In an interview with Adrian Dannatt, Hirst mentions his infatuation with glass and thus the continuous use of glass i n many of his other works. 11 ]. The Balinese dances were usually performed in temples for scared rituals to local deities associated with nature and ancestry. However in recent years, due to globalization and ASEAN’s push for cultural development and education, such dances have travelled around the world. (Introduction to Bali: Art Ritual Performances, 2011)(Tinggal, 1998) [ 12 ]. The Balinese believe the masks, when carved properly and are consecrated, becomes a vessel for a deity. In turn, the mask becomes a protective guardian and powerful sacred force when worn during a dance. Introduction to Bali: Art Ritual Performances, 2011)(Tinggal, 1998) [ 13 ]. Albert E. Elsen â€Å"Purpose of Art: An Introduction to the History and Appreciation of Art† (1981). [ 14 ]. Not Against Interpretation is an experimental platform to nurture an appreciation for contemporary art. The first artwork to be presented under this series is A Flog of Birdies by Singaporean artists Jason Li m and Vincent Leow. The work was an artistic collaboration between them as part of UTOPIA (United Together to Organise and Produce Interesting Art).

Personal Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Personal Statement - Essay Example During this time, her assistance in the home, taking care of the house and her younger sister, has been indispensable as I was a full-time student, studying Economics at San Diego State University, while juggling a full-time job for The Hilton Resort. While her support drew the deep respect and admiration of my contemporaries, it was Alinah’s consistency and excellence that got me through college, and through the many obstacles of life we’ve always faced together. She has also gone beyond the boundaries of the home to try to help others as well. As a youth, she was actively involved in The Boys & Girls Club of San Francisco. Alinah was easily one of the most affable children at the club, with great communication and personal interaction skills. Notably, she had a fantastic ability to make friends and develop long lasting relationships. She always treated her peers and the staff with dignity and always showed respect for authority. In addition, she brought a great deal of energy and enthusiasm to the center, showing her natural leadership ability and infectious personality. Not only did these personality traits draw respect and admiration from her peers, it also won her the position of Class President of her 6th grade class in 2006 and she has worked in the capacity of a safety patrol officer for her school. Also in 2006, she entered herself in a local beauty pageant and brought home the crown. Unfortunately, 2006 wasn’t the brilliant year it started out. In April, toward the end of her school year, she was diagnosed with severe Polyarcticular Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis. In the beginning of her illness, she lost more than 25 pounds and could not walk with ease; she spent most of her afternoons and evenings in bed and could not eat without pain due to the inflammation in her jaw. All of her joints were affected and her condition worsened during the following six months. Also during this

Teacher Leaders and School Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Teacher Leaders and School Management - Essay Example As a result, our school has created a team to probe further on Du's case study. The task of the team is to submit a research proposal to the Dean of the Education Department for approval for funding with the aim of determining the functional roles assumed by our teacher leaders and their influence in the performance and development of work groups in our school. This paper is part of the intended research proposal. It will present a detailed discussion of the methodology to be used in the study, particularly the research design, the sampling, the data collection techniques and instruments, the data analysis method and proposed time frame for the conduct of the research. Functional roles as the main variable for the first question, will be classified according to the four (4) common work group functions (L.A.I.G.) essential to a successful group, as developed by Parson (1961) cited in Hare (1992) and as referenced by Du (2007). These are Latent pattern maintenance, Adaptation, Integration and Goal attainment. The teacher leader assumes varied and observable roles and these will be categorized in any of the above-stated common workgroup functions. The main variable for the second question, the teacher leadership, will be based on the factors, leadership attainment, group size and stability, characteristic of group leaders and members and school environment. These factors will be the basis for determining how the teacher leadership affects the performance and development of the workgroup. Methodology Research Design The research design is the main plan of action that will be used in the conduct of this research. Different designs have different applicability depending on the objective of the research and the problems presented. Other factors are also considered such as resource and time. (Ardales 1992) This paper considers the critical analysis on Du's case study prepared by our colleagues which recommends Case Study as the appropriate design for this research. According to Ardales (1992), "when the aim of the study is to have a deeper, more thorough and more comprehensive understanding of an individual or group" then case study is the appropriate design to use. It is also true especially when the researcher wants to "capture the processes which explain the characteristics and behavior of a person, group or institution under investigation". (p. 42-43) The expected responses that will be generated are very valuable inputs to this research. The use of other research designs like survey or correlat ional studies, have stricter procedures in statistical handling, which may limit the desired results. I intend take note of the observations, feeling, hesitations and other remarks that the respondents will provide; all these will be treated as very important in the analysis of this study. Research Site It is I deep loyalty that I decided to choose our school as the site for this research. The results of the research will benefit not only our school and our community. It will also benefit me, personally, as a teacher and a workgroup leader myself. Our school, a suburban elementary school geographically located in the southeastern United States, is noted for academic and management excellence. It is one of the flagship

Multinational Enterprises Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Criminology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

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Loyalty programmes..reflective statement for dissertation Essay

Loyalty programmes..reflective statement for dissertation - Essay Example However, on moving ahead with the research I realized the amount of hard work research work would demand. The preparation of research proposal was also difficult as this was the first time that I did such extensive research for a particular topic to ensure that I stay within the scope of the research I set before me and at the same time meet the requirements of the university. Before conducting the research studying deeply the different research categories like explanatory research descriptive research as well as exploratory research gave me an insight into which kind of research category to use in which situation. This was useful as it allowed me to understand the pros and cons of different research strategies like action research, grounded theory, surveys, etc. in order to decide upon the most suitable research strategy for my dissertation. It was through this process that I was able to develop an analytical frame of mind that helped me to quickly overcome the problems that I faced in conducting the research. I had to change my plan from conducting face to face interview to survey questionnaire because of the unavailability of responsible marketing / operations heads despite of calling 50 hotels for scheduling interview. Even designing the survey questionnaire was not easy and the data collected through this method was scrutinized by the supervisor for its limitations to ensure the objectiveness of the research is maintained at all times. The presentation of findings and analysis required use of different tools which I had to learn during the course of the research. The structure of the dissertation was also considered to be an important element of my research. I had to look at examples how a good dissertation needs to be written. The work flow should be in such a way that it covers different aspects of the research for better understanding of its users. The writing was built upon strong objectives and research questions which

Identify one major political event in an African country Essay - 1

Identify one major political event in an African country - Essay Example The main objective of the paper includes making the exploration of the actual political scenario of the Libyan politics, which had experienced a significant blow during the last few years in the name of so-called ‘awakening of the Arab nations’ for introducing imperative alterations to the Afro-Arab politics to a great extent. The paper will also examine the reasons behind the unexpected revolt against the Qaddafi regime. The paper is also interested in investigating into the external factors, including the US role, in respect of toppling the Qaddafi regime for the establishment of a pro-American political system in the lines adopted by the European powers of colonial era for turning the weak and backward states to be their subjugated domains in order to introduce and enforce the policies of their choice as well as to force the small countries for developing social, economic, business and trade relations with the USA. Hence, the paper will portray a comprehensive scenari o paving the way towards 2011 revolt in Libya in the light of internal and external factors controlling and regulating the rebellion and rebels at large. Muammar Qaddafi served as one of the most dominant and influential figures of the twentieth century Afro-Arabian political world, which left indelible impact of his political and strategic achievements in the entire region during the second half of the last century till the first decades of new century. By dint of his exceptional intellect, deep foresight and outstanding wisdom, he successfully played the role of a central figure in the national politics of Libya for over four decades, where he was the sole decision-maker of the fate of his country and its masses at large. Though, apparently, he was considered to be unconquered and supreme in national politics, who would sustain power till the last day of his life, Qaddafi became the victim of purported Arab Spring appeared by the mid of December 2010 with the big powers in

Paternalistic decisionmaking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Paternalistic decisionmaking - Essay Example However, this is theory only. For numerous reasons this specific business culture is severely criticized by market analysts, shareholders and psychologists who point to its economic and moral deficiencies. In general, paternalistic decision-making is highly ineffective and there are only very few exceptions that only confirm the rule. The most frequently mentioned accusations are connected with inefficiency, inequality, favorism and prejudice. Paternalistic decision-making is often considered to be weak-mannered and irrational style of management. It puts the boss in total command so that the communication among peers on any level becomes redundant. In a sense, interaction between members of staff on a professional basis is not only unnecessary but even impolite. This does not mean that the CEOs will not invite employees for accidental deliberations about the future decisions of their company. The manipulative aspect of paternalism is inherent in what employees may experience as being allowed entrance into dialogues that, in truth, serve nothing else but moderating the opinions of subordinates. An illusion of collective decision-making is, as a result, created. It also implies that paternalistic mode of decision-making does not have to be included officially in a given company's management tactics. Some analysts would go as far as to suggest that paternalism prevails in cultures that have "a history of dictatorship" (Pellegrini, Scandura 2007). The policy is seen to promote a model of unconditional dependence on the authority of the leader and reinforce the value of teamwork among employees who have, allegedly but not truly, equal chances for promotion. Since the operations of paternalism are tricky even for managers themselves the economical effects are slightly ambivalent as a result. On the one hand, family-like company has a huge array of techniques at its disposal to lure potential employees. But on the other hand, it also means that candidates may be interested in some posts just because they are prompted by control-free tasks and would very much like to adhere to the zero requirements for professional and personal development. Also with already hired staff, this kind of managing can prove to be demoralizing and, paradoxically, lead to loss of trust for the sake of which it was originally erected. With time even ambitious employees lose the aspiration and finally also the ability to excel. Personal growth is given little or no consideration; skills of the employees are neither improved nor periodically revised therefore the dynamism of the company inevitably heads toward stagnation. Paternalistic companies often face the prob lem of not being competitive on the market. But beside external challenges paternalistic company may not be able to meet there is also the danger of internal frictions between staff members. Paternalistic approach implicates the CEOs in awkward situations where their decisions may be questioned from ethical point of view. According to Winning (2006) discrimination is inscribed in paternalism. Indeed, rewarding employees for their contributions to the firm's success works on severely biased grounds. Among such practices seniority-based salary increases and promotions are the most remarkable. Lack of appreciation

Scriptures of Rig Veda in Hinduism Essay Example for Free

Scriptures of Rig Veda in Hinduism Essay The Shinto theory of creation of universe holds a remarkable similarity with the theories propagated in scriptures of Rig Veda in Hinduism. Though apparently both the religions have flourished in completely isolation, the theories of creation propounded by Shinto religion bears a significant similarity to Hinduism particularly in description of evolution of earth and the succession of human beings from Gods. The belief of God as being the originator of entire creation is central to both. While Shinto describes the world before creation as a mixture of dark and bright parts of cloud, Rig-veda asserts that in the beginning only darkness prevailed, completely devoid of any sign of existence in the form of light, air, or ether. . Only God was present to initiate the evolution. According to Shinto, after the separation of heaven from earth, depending upon the density of waste material and the proportion of brightness and weight, a reed was born between earth and heaven. It is cited that the first God Kuni-toko-tachi no Mikoto was born from this reed. Interestingly, Rig Ved also cites a passage tellling that Lord Brahma, who is believed to be the father (creator) of universe in hinduism, was born out of a flower. However, unlike Lord Kuni-toko-tachi no Mikoto , Lord Brahma was born from a flower that grew from the stomach of Lord Vishnu. Both Lord Kuni-toko-tachi no Mikoto and Lord Brahma are one of the first Gods in Shinto and Hindu religion respectively and bear a plant as the cause of their birth. Both the theories give a sequential detail of formationm of earth and its components, beginning form prevailing darkness to the formation of different components of light. Shinto, however, gives a comparatively unique and consistent theory of creation whereas the details provided by Rig Veda are multi-faceted and at many occasions, inconsistent. While some portions of Rig-Veda describe Brahma as Lord Shiva as the first God, creator of the system, some other passages have described Lord Vishnu as the originator and driving force behind the universe. It is mentioned that all the Gods had been created form the pores of the body of Lord Vishnu. As far as the physical developments of planetary systems and earth are concerned, many a times, both the theories prescribe a sequence of events evidently similar. The evolution of earth from darkness, formation of water, and emergence of life in water has been prescribed in both the theories, though these details are frequently confused by the inclusion of different roles played by different Gods. Shinto proclaims that Izanagi, the second god created by the First God carved an island by immersing his spear in an ocean and thendrippng the water on it, which turned itself into a mass of land, which later turned out to become the habitat of Izanagi, and his wife, Izanami. They later made more islands and Japan was thus born. Shinto, also gives a detailed explanation of the formation and evolution of earth and other solar components, again infused by the dramatic and, at several occasions, confusing roles played by different Gods.

Five Traits Essay Example for Free

Five Traits Essay 1.Define and discuss the importance of the following traits associated with leaders: intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity, and sociability. Is this list all inclusive? a.Intelligence: Having a strong verbal ability, perceptual ability, and reasoning abilities; Leaders intellectual abilities, however, should not differ too much from their subordinates; Intelligence is also defined as a trait that significantly contributes to a leader’s acquisition of complex problem-solving skills and social judgement skills; Intelligent leaders have the ability to consider every situation individually and make an assessment as to what is the best solution. b.Self-Confidence: The ability to be certain about one’s competencies and skills is self-confidence; Includes both self-esteem and self-assurance; Self-confidence is an essential trait for any leader because without self-confidence it may become harder for followers to fully trust their leader c.Determination: Determination is the desire to get a job done and includes characteristics such as initiative, persistence, dominance, and drive; these people are proactive and have the perseverance to face obstacles; this trait is needed in order for leaders and followers to overcome goals. d.Integrity: Integrity is the quality of honesty and trustworthiness; these people are those who adhere to a strong set of principles and take responsibility for their actions; Leaders need integrity in order to inspire confidence in others since they are trusted to do what they say they are going to do. e.Sociability: A leader’s inclination to seek out pleasant social relationships; people who possess sociability are able to create strong relationships with their fellow followers. f.The five traits described above are all traits in which strong leaders possess. While the list is certainly not all-inclusive, these five seem to be essential in order to produce a strong and successful leade r.

Strategic Business Management And Planning Bentley Security Company Marketing Essay

Strategic Business Management And Planning Bentley Security Company Marketing Essay Business is a dynamic field, (education 1951) where things change fast way. If some company makes mistake in its decisions either short terms or long terms it is always on losing side, and sometimes there is no come back from a dog position in a dynamic market. In this case study we will learn how process models and other tools help to analyze the situation of any business and how companies can effectively use these analysis tools to help them in bad situation as in this case study Bentley Security Company is facing. For answering the three questions of the case study we will go into analysis of the situation using by use of process model analysis, porter five analyses and SWOT analysis, while answering to first question. We will also analyze through the analysis of corporate finance, expansion matrix for company, its product life cycle, its product positioning, its value chain and its competitive position. For answering second question we will analyze why company was fail to realize its core competency related to its value productions. In final question we will answer analyze the expected future profits as said by the CEO of the company that if they will be capable of overcoming the issue of bargain price, return over equity, rising debts, changing security Inc into profit generating component of business and by gaining the confidence of the market . In the end we will conclude the study and will sum it up towards some concrete learning outcome, which can be practical in real business situations which we can face as business strategist working with any company. We will see how any company which facing problems like Bentley Security, can make good strategic choices? 1.1 Background of the study: Bentley is a Security Company that has been trading in Gotham City for twenty five years. Recently, the senior management team met to review progress. Finance Director: I am concerned about our recent financial performance and it seems to me that we are in danger of being taken over at a bargain price. Our return on owners equity is 2% below the industry average and we have a large debt arising from the leverage purchase of Security Services Inc. What we can do to improve our financial results as soon as possible and, at the same time, convince the market that we have a long term viable future? Marketing Manager: In my view we have an excellent portfolio and our problem are mainly due to poor cost control. We progressed from our base in producing domestic alarm systems into commercial systems and then acquired Security Services Inc which provides guard and watch services for commercial premises that capitalized on our core skills at each stage. We decided into diversify because the domestic market was saturated and there have been large increases in the number of suppliers because it is now an easy business to get into as the technology has become standardized. The commercial sector was growing due to the current economic boom; but we have been stuck at 12% market share in the commercial systems market and while Security Services Inc had over 300 service contracts when we acquired it, we have not yet been able to attract any new customers. Human Resource Manager: I should point out that I find it difficult dealing with security personnel and this could be one reason for the fact that we dont make much profit on the security contracts. CEO: If we address the short and long term issues mentioned by the finance director, then we shall remove the incentive for anyone to take us over. But in the meantime, we should investigate the possibility of undertaking a management buy-out (MBO). Issues: Others companies have competing price Finance situation is poor 2% less profits /returns on investors equity Increasing debt Poor cost control Increasing saturation in domestic market Growing new rivals No new customer for security Inc Poor performance of security staff Turning point: Before acquisition of Security Inc Bentley was performing well in alarms production, after acquisition of that company things went poor as Bentley was unable to win new customers. Accounts issues: More expenses at corporate HQ More interest payments on debts Effective use of product development Less expenditure on marketing Control of cash flow that is negative Control of loaning Commercial alarms and security Inc required improvement Product development required as more expenses and attentions on warranty demands Price is far less than market in commercial alarm its 500 as compare to 600 and in security personal its 17000 as compare to 20000 per annum Plus Points: 25 years of experience Good performance in domestic and commercial alarm productions Targets: New targets that could make Bentley again in growth can be its financial targets of increasing the profits and reduction of debts and other costs. Further it also required to win investor confidence over its performance in the market. Suggestions by CEO: Removal of incentives for competitors Management buy-out 2 Question One: Use strategic models to identify the actions the management team might take to deal with Bentleys short term and long term problems. 2 Answer: Bentley is an ideal case study to see how a business that was making progress in last twenty five years suddenly started a decline that brought management to sit and analyze the situation before it is too late. To make a better analysis of situation and get solutions for Bentleys short term and long term problems we need to make following analysis 2.1 Corporate Finance As the study shows that Bentley is suffering from financial problems. So, Bentley management required urgent attention and for that there can be few short term and other long term strategies to control over the finance issues. Short Term Choices: Bentley should make right sizing at its head quarter as it has extra staffing on its head office. It should stop debt as its costing more on payments. Bentley should adjust more on marketing their alarms. Long Term Choices Bentley should get more investment than loan by developing its market position. It should put some finance on product development. It should put finance on marketing. It should invest more on its human resource to get competent staff for security Inc. It should utilize its assets and inventories more into alarm production. Expansion matrix Ansoffs Product and Market Matrix Figure 1: Ansoff Matrix Market Penetration: As it is the strength of the Bentley they must try to recapture and get advantage of the existing market by promoting their domestic alarms and commercial alarms and try to get some repositioning of the brand. Market penetration for Bentley required covering of the four main objectives: Maintain or increase the market share of current products this can be achieved by a combination of competitive pricing strategies, advertising, sales promotion and perhaps more resources dedicated to personal selling Increase usage by existing customers. For example by introducing loyalty schemes. Market Development: They can also go for new markets with the existing product range in these new markets. This means that the product will remains the same, but it is marketed to a new customers. Exporting the product, or marketing it in a new region. There are many possible ways of approaching this strategy, including: New geographical markets; for example exporting the product to a new country New product dimensions or packaging: for example, New distribution channels New pricing policies to attract different customers or create new market segment Product Development: This is a new product to be marketed to existing customers. Here they can develop and innovate new product offerings to replace existing ones. Such products are then marketed to our existing customers. Diversification: Bentley can go for the diversification which can be separated into horizontal and vertical. The horizontal diversification is the addition into the production program like new kind of alarms. The vertical diversification is at the sales stage where company needs to store products according to demand. Product Life Cycle If we compare the two alarms developed by the Bentley we can find that these products are on maturity stage and looking towards a decline as Bentley fail to keep the innovation accordingly. They need more efforts to bring innovation changes and effectiveness of the products so they can put the product back on its growth. Figure 2: Bentley product life cycle Similarly their door supervisors company or security Inc is complete in decline as they fail to generate new customers and now form here it seems total dog stage in a market. Still they can either decide to keep it or they can go back to their core competencies of alarm production. If they want to retain it they need to redesign the human resource management which is completely fail to produce any result since they acquired this company. Figure 3: PLC possibility for Bentley 2.4 Value Chain We can better understand the actions of Bentley through it developed a competitive advantage and create shareholder value by a value chain analysis. In his 1985 book Competitive Advantage, Michael Porter introduced a generic value chain model (M. E. Porter 1998) that comprises a sequence of activities found to be common to a wide range of firms. The aim of these actions is to put forward to the customer a value of product that exceeds the cost of the process, and easily brings in a profit margin. As it can be analyze in value chain model that Bentley have some core competencies and the activities in which it can pursue a competitive advantage as follows: Cost advantage: by better understanding costs and squeezing them out of the value-adding activities. Differentiation: by focusing on those activities associated with core competencies and capabilities in order to perform them better than do competitors. Cost Advantage A firm may create a cost advantage either by reducing the cost of individual value chain activities or by reconfiguring the value chain. As Porter identified ten cost drivers related to value chain activities, So Bentley can go through each and seek what is workable for them in this process: Economies of scale in production of alarms Capacity utilization thats in alarm production Linkages among activities at the company Interrelationships among business units by aligning security inc with alarm business Institutional factors must be controlled especially in security Inc(regulation, union activity, taxes, etc.) At Bentley cost advantage also can be pursued by reconfiguring the value chain. Reconfiguration means structural changes such a new production process, new distribution channels, or a different sales approach. For example, FedEx structurally redefined express freight service by acquiring its own planes and implementing a hub and spoke system. (Fedex 1995-2000) Differentiation Bentley can achieve a differentiation advantage either by shifting individual value chain actions to add to distinctiveness in its alarms or it can get it by reconfiguring the value chain. It can go into forward integration in order to carry out some functions that were performed by its customers like categorization of its alarm systems and models according to customers need. It can adopt a backward integrate to manage over its inputs. It can implement new process technology or utilize a new supply channel. Technology Because technology is in use to some degree in every value creating action, changes in technology can bring competitive advantage. Bentley is using various technologies in both primary activities and support activities as its given below: Inbound Logistics Technologies Transportation of materials Material handling inside production place Material storage at stores Operations Technologies Process of production Machine tools used for production and handling Packaging of the alarms Maintenance of finished goods Testing of alarms Building design operation Outbound Logistics Technologies Transportation of alarms supply to supply stores Material handling inside stores Packaging for supply Communications between all departments involved Marketing and Sales Technologies Media utilization ( Print/electronic/Audio/video) Communications Service Technologies Testing Communications Linkages of Activities Bentley can redesign the alarms for with different shapes and qualities for different customers. This way even it can reduce manufacturing costs. If it is be able to reduce cost in one activity and as a result benefit from a cost reduction in another, from a design change and successfully reduces manufacturing costs and it also further improves due to this costs reduction. Thus it can such improvements the firm has the potential to develop a competitive advantage. Business Units Interrelationships Tangible interrelationships offer direct opportunities to create a synergy among business units. For example, Bentley can make its multiple units share whatever its possible among the business units to share for cost reduction. This sharing of the procurement activity can result in cost reduction. Outsourcing To decide which activities to outsource, managers of Bentley must understand the firms strengths and weaknesses in each activity, both in terms of cost and capacity to differentiate. Managers may consider the following things when selecting activities to outsource. Competitive position Bentley has good track record of twenty five years in alarm business. It is one of good company in market. After it tried to expand its business into security provision (door supervisors) it facing more problem as this new acquisition is not performing well. If we closely analyze the investment situation it still putting les s on alarm business and getting more compare to its security personals business. Company is selling all its products on fair price as compare to market even if they decide to raise price in all precuts still they have advantage over their rivals in the market. They can easily attract customers on this pricing advantage and by creating new innovation in designing or promotions they can still come back into competitive position in the market. 3 Question Two: Is the CEO correct to conclude that these actions will remove all incentive for another company to take over Bentley? 3 Answer: 3.1 Porter Five Analysis of Company In his book Competitive Strategy, Harvard professor Michael Porter describes five forces affecting the profitability of companies. (Porter 1998) These five forces, taken together, give us insight into a companys competitive position, and its profitability. Rivals For Bentley rival is competitor within industry, this rivalry in the industry is very high for Bentley. As these rivals are competing with Bentley over following factors:- à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Number of rivals in market à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Fixed costs à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Product differentiation New Entrants One of the defining characteristics of competitive advantage is the industrys barrier to entry. In security industry its very low for every one starting security firm as there are many barriers from government and its security regulating agencies. Bentley can enjoy benefits of common barriers to entry: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Patents patented technology can be a huge barrier preventing other firms from joining the market. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ High cost of entry the more it will cost to get started in an industry the higher the barrier to entry. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Brand loyalty As Bentley is in market since 25 years its definatley have some worth related to its products specially its alarm systems. Substitute Products Bently should look keenly for what the companys other competitors are doing, and what other types of products are available in the market as there is advancement in technology so there is high risk from others competitors for Bentley. As is the case dealing with new entrants, company can go into an aggressively price to its products to keep people from switching. Buyer Power There are two types of buyer power. The first is related to the customers price sensitivity. The other type of buyer power relates to negotiating power.Conversely, if a company sells to a few large buyers, those buyers will have significant leverage to negotiate better pricing. Some factors affecting buyer power are: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Size of buyer à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Number of buyers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Purchase quantity Bentley have advantage in its price and durability of products it have less buyers power broblem. Supplier Power When multiple suppliers are producing a commoditized product, the company will make its purchase decision based mainly on price, which tends to lower costs. On the other hand, if a single supplier is producing something the company has to have, the company will have little leverage to negotiate a better price. Here for Bentley things are favorable with less suppliers power as they depend less over the raw materials. A few factors that determine supplier power include: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Supplier à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Switching costs à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Uniqueness of product 4 Question Three: If the team decides on MBO, how much should they be prepared to pay? 4 Answer: 4.1 Management Buyouts (MBOs) A management buyout MBO is the purchase of a business by its management. Some time owners or the shareholders of any business want to sell the shares of the business or company. For that they give opportunity to the existing management to buy the business. As they know the details of the business and are in a strong position both to worth it and also run it. One can assume that they will make good effort for themselves than for other people. A management buyout is a rare thing in business likely to be a great test of any company and its managements skills in business. Bentley can sell its security Inc as its not performing well and putting problem for the business. For a successful MBO Bentley team may require to focus on some pre MBO arrangement. They not only have to secure their own money and career, but they have to show that they have the vision and proper ability to change their organization and to deliver better outcome as results. Another requirement is their enthusiasm and commitment to convince the management who will buy it that their MBO will work. There are following procedures that required to be followed for a successful MBO. Decision to proceed Managers as investors will be keen to invest in Bentley with predictions which offer the chances of gaining the profits they will invest for. As potential returns maybe higher than current returns because people in new setup will work harder. An understanding of the factors affecting Bentley can help to set forward actions properly. Business plan MBOs are normally highly geared, so the Bentley needs to be able to produce cash and success in the short term. They may have tactics which are practical in the long term, though it will be tricky to assure the investors among management that their future is on growth side. Form the management team A very significant part of a successful MBO is to put a management team that has a high-quality record. Possible investors will like to know how they can make adjustments in than the present team. Bentley must therefore put a clear deliberate plan for the business. Arranging the funding Valuing Bentley Company is complex matter and here is no set rule. Whatever investor will give that will be relate to many things. Those are the balance sheet and current profits. The future potential of the business will be vital but sometimes want of the present owners to sell can be important. Agreeing terms The financing for an MBO normally include the decision-making board and its own interest, its equity and debt position. Different management investors will be looking for diverse returns from this deal, base on the assumed risk they will be taking. Deal co-ordination There can be no set rule for the management to invest into the management buyout. Still, they will require showing the guarantee to the company by creation a major asset of their money, although there can be a massive strain resting on their time and skills. Completion Negotiating for buyout is not always very simple, as there is some concern of unsatisfactory present relations as company is going for MBO. Some management buyout teams can pretense their advisers to take opening move toward success. A talk to buy any business is always a complex activity, and there is fact that seller has vital test. The information contain in the factsheets must never be relied lying on top. 5 Conclusion of Study: We can see that Bentley was handling alarm systems selling effectively but after adopting the security firm it went into many problems. Now it is necessary for them to try a successful management buy-out for that, which can make such arrangements that will help it to get maximum future investment to cover its problems related to other products. Furthermore they can go for a right sizing and downsizing to control the gap of expenses and profits. This way Bentley can go back to its profit position as it was in past before adaptation of the security firm.

The Fall of Both Mubarak’s Regime and the Legal Opposition Essay

Introduction : By the end of Mubarak’s rule, the legalised political opposition in Egypt was already a mirror to the regime it was presumed to challenge: discreditable, central, aging and undemocratic. Systematic state repression and internal divisions fragmented the opposition and deviated it from the role assumed by its counterparts in liberal democracies. Instead of competitive interaction with the regime, the legal opposition stationed itself as an integral part of the authoritarian polity. Years of regime-opposition dynamics ended with the latter’s alignment with the regime and becoming more of a domesticated opposition. This clientelist relationship was necessary for the survival of the semi-authoritarian regime. It enabled it to claim legitimacy by presenting cosmetic democracy/pluralism measures while at the same time keeping the dominance of its ruling party. It also lured the weak fragmented legalised opposition into competing to gain the regime’s support. Overview: Egypt moved from full-scale authoritarianism under Nasser to liberalized autocracy under Sadat and Mubarak. During its early rule in the 1980s, Mubarak’s regime showed relative political tolerance and moderation (stacher 2004), giving hope to legal opposition that the break up of the single-party system was the beginning of a transition phase that will lead to democratization and the possibility to compete on even terms with the ruling NDP. During this period it was the Neo-Wafd which had the most comprehensive organizational capacities and was designated to lead the legalized opposition camp from which Islamist movements were excluded (Shehata, 2009). However, those expectations proved to be naive as the regime soon made clear that it was not inte... ...e, E. (1998), More than a Response to Islamism: The Political Deliberalization of Egypt in the 1990s’ Middle East Journal, Vol. 52, No. 2, p. 219. 3- Stacher, J. (2004), Parties Over: The Demise of Egypt’s Opposition Parties , British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, pp 215–23. 4- Albrecht, H. (2005) How can opposition support authoritarianism? Lessons from Egypt, Democratization, pp 378-397. 5- Shehata, D. (2009), Islamists and Secularists in Egypt: Opposition, Conflict & Cooperation, London, Routledge. 6- Arafat, A. (2009), The Mubarak Leadership and Future of Democracy in Egypt, New York, Palgrave Macmillan. 7- Kassem, M. (2004), Egyptian Politics: The Dynamics of Authoritarian Rule, Colorado, Lynne Rienner publishers. 8- Kienle, E. (1998), More than a Response to Islamism: The Political Deliberalization of Egypt, Middle East Journal, Vol. 52, p. 219.

Huck Finn :: essays research papers

I personally find the book Adventures of Huckleberry Finn to be a anti-racist book. That is my opinion for these reasons, it was one of the first books of it’s day to show a black man as a true person. Secondly it showed the truth of how cruel southern society was. And last, the realism the book tried to show throughout the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was one of the first books of it’s day show a black man as a true person. There are many examples of this throughout the book, such as when Jim discusses his family and how he wants to go be with them. Jim also shows feeling, for example when Huck and Jim get split up on the rafts Jim worries about Huck, and is concerned for him. Jim also show honesty and dedication, an example is towards the end of the book when Jim sacrafices his freedom to help Tom and the doctor after Tom has been shot. So you see the book shows that black people are human beings that have emotions and feelings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book also shows the true cruelty of southern society. There are many examples of this in the book. Like the Sunday school discussing how setting blacks free was a deadly sin. And the constant negro sales throughout the book. And how black people had no respect and weren’t looked upon as human beings. So what Mark Twain is trying to tell the reader is how cruel the south was to blacks and how ridiculous the southern society was.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I think the book also tries to show realism of what the south was like during it’s slave years. Many people think that when Mark Twain uses the word â€Å"Ni__er† he is being racist. But really Twain is trying to

Hamlet - Revenge A Chain Reaction :: essays research papers

Hamlet Revenge: A Chain Reaction     In the play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, the theme of revenge is repeated numerous times throughout the play and involves a great deal of characters. Of these characters, eight are dead by the end of the play by result of murder which was initiated through revenge. Shakespeare uses the revenge theme to create conflict among many characters.     Shakespeare uses the revenge theme to create conflict between Hamlet and Claudius. In Act I, scene 5, Hamlet is visited by the ghost who was his father. The ghost makes Hamlet aware of his murderous death when he tells Hamlet of how Claudius had killed him. The ghost says this to Hamlet regarding Claudius, "Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder." This is where Hamlet is first inrtoduced to the revenge plot between himself and Claudius. Hamlet wants to insure that the ghost really was his dead father before he kills Claudius. To do this Hamlet has people act out the death of his father in front of Claudius and declares him guilty by his reaction to the play. " O good Horatio, I'll take the ghost's word for a thousand pound." Hamlet declares Claudius' guilt to Horatio and now realizes that he must continue on with his revenge plot. The conflict between Hamlet and Claudius is delayed by Hamlet but does eventually occur in the last scene. Hamlet's mother has just died, Hamlet has been sliced by Laertes' poison sword, and Hamlet has just struck Laertes with a fatal blow when Laertes says that this was all brought on by Claudius. Hamlet, now realizing that there is no more time for him to delay his revenge, stabs Claudus and kills him. Revenge was the motive for the conflict between Hamlet and Claudius.     Shakespeare uses the revenge plot to create conflict between Laertes and Hamlet by having Laertes avenge his father's and sister's death which Hamlet is responsible for. After learning of his fathers unnatural death, Hamlet decides that he can no longer trust anyone, except for Horatio. While acting out his madness, he visited Ophelia and cut off his ties with her because of his distrust for everyone. In Act III, when Hamlet talks with his mother, he notices that he is being spied upon. Thinking that it is the king, Hamlet mistakingly kills Polonius who was hiding behind a big rug, which for some medeval reason, was hung on the wall. It is believed Ophelia herself went mad because of Hamlet's rude and violent treatment of her and also because Hamlet killed her father. In Act IV Ophelia's madness drives her to walk into the

Executive and Managerial Planning for Bosch-Kazakhstan

Bosch Group is a global manufacturer of automotive and industrial technology, consumer goods and building technology (337). The Bosch Group’s HR philosophy is ‘†¦ to promote the moral, physical and intellectual development of the people (337). ‘ The Bosch Group believes in higher within the company rather than new hires from outside, therefore a lot of time is spent developing the talent Bosch already has. Bosch-Kazakhstan has four production sites in different rural locations (gasoline, Bosch-Rexroth, security systems and diesel motors). The board of management is requesting an EMP (Executive and Managerial Planning) for Bosch-Kazakhstan. Staffing is crucial with Bosch-Kazakhstan as the diesel motor production is fast growing compared to the other three sites. Problems Bosch-Kazakhstan faces a number of staffing problems. The labor market is very small. Possible local candidates lack national and international experiences and current qualified Bosch employees find the Kazakhstan sites unattractive due to a small domestic labor market for qualified managers and specialist. The main language spoken in Kazakhstan is Russian and it only has 2. 4 percent of Germans. All of the upper managers are expatriates (an employee working away from his or her home country). Solutions With staffing problems, I think Bosch should have a placement of an additional expatriates by recruiting potential individuals in the MDP (Manager Development Plan) and the JUMP (Junior Management Program) in Germany that are well aware of the Kazakhstan culture and values and he or she is required to address both short-term and long-term staffing needs. Another solution could be the placement of Kazakhstan workers in both the MDP and JUMP programs for a shorter period of time and to provide a 6 to 12 months stay in Bosch Germany facility in order to acquire greater experience. Training courses should be implemented to further gain background knowledge and experience. Maybe having a Kazakhstan worker with a HR background or a native born worker who is capable of responding to the upper and middle managerial level positions enroll in the JUMP and MDP programs or get hired in the company to further help Bosch find potential local candidates. Also having a pay for performance plan like additional bonus and incentives is another key factor of motivating employees to be more willing to take positions in Kazakhstan. Bosch should also seek its upper and middle managerial employees who at least have an outstanding background excelling in learning the language and be more willingly to accept different cultures. Outcomes Bosch-Kazakhstan will fill higher management positions with qualified employees who are accustomed to the local culture and who will carry-on the Bosch Group mission. Local candidates will be trained for entry-level positions with the hopes of someday becoming a manager after extensive training. The Bosch Group will be true to their HR philosophy if these changes are implemented quickly.

Can Hybrid Cars Reduce the Dependency on Fossil Fuels

Can Hybrid Cars Reduce The Dependency On Fossil Fuels? I am going to talk about hybrid cars and can they reduce the dependency on fossil fuels. The hybrid cars manufactures that I’m going to use is Toyota, Honda Can hybrid cars reduce the dependency on fossil fuels? Hybrid cars can reduce the dependency of fossil fuels because it would stand between the consuming world and its gas guzzling cars by replacing them with fuel efficient hybrid cars.Hybrid cars have lower level of gasoline consumption, therefore environmentally friendly causing less pollution then gasoline- powered cars. They beat electric cars by a long run which gives about 50 – 100 miles in-between    battery charges that require many hours to fully charge up. Even then electric cars made it possible to have development towards hybrid cars. Toyota Prius was the first passenger car with hybrid technology which was brought forth in Japan in 1997. Toyota and Honda introduced hybrid cars to the American mark ets in the beginning of 1999.Hybrid car are a combination of gasoline and electric powered car. Hybrid cars consist of a internal combustion engine that is small and fuel efficient. The hybrid cars internal combustion engine is assisted by the electric motor when the car is accelerating. The electric motor is generated by rechargeable batteries that automatically recharges when the car is being driven. The Toyota and Honda hybrids work and operate in a similar manner. The engine for gasoline    is smaller then the regular conventional cars.Essentially Toyota and Honda hybrids fellow the same concepts as most hybrids, It receives backup energy from the electric motor gets energy that the motor needs to help the engine when accelerating there for not consuming a large quantity of gasoline. However the Toyota and Honda hybrids also have a different source of generating energy. When the driver hits his or her breaks the kinetic energy created by the heat and friction of the break is c laimed by the electric motor and stored in the batteries. Then it comes to transmissions most hybrids and conventional cars are alike.However the Prius has an additional generator and a circle gear complex to make a controlled, yet continues variable transmission, taking away the need for any conventional manual or automatic transmission which use up unnecessary amount of energy that go to waste. The early hybrid gave about fifty to sixty miles per gallon. The exhaust pollution was almost eliminated and also the acceleration of the hybrids were far bettered then the non-hybrid cars. By 2008 almost all car manufactures offered hybrid model cars along with a few sports hybrid cars.Many of the sports hybrid cars however did not give as much mileage and more expensive then the conventional cars. The federal government offers a good amount of tax credits to purchaser of hybrid cars. The key to the future of hybrid–car development lies in battery technology. The early hybrids resem bled the old conventional electrical system that ran with lead-acid batteries. These lead-acid batteries were bulky and carried a heavy weight and were a major factor in holding back the development of hybrid and electric cars.Most of the current hybrids contain nickel metal hydride batteries, which are smaller, lighter, and more powerful. However the cost is a big factor in this development. Nonetheless most car manufacturers are focusing on lithium-ion batteries. The way to using lithium-ion batteries on hybrid cars has opened up promise the development to a generation of new hybrid vehicles. This development of lithium-ion batteries on hybrid cars allows the capability of the cars to be plug in hybrids. The car will have extended distance without the help of their gasoline engine.This development has made hybrid cars more affordable. In the big picture if our country in whole used more hybrid cars in our day to day life it would be just that much less gasoline we would not me usi ng. If there if do get a hybrid car in the long run you a creating a clean friendly environment and saving less trips to the gas pumps, which mean more money in your pockets. Who doesn’t want that with all the rising high gas prices and our economic condition? We need to put more hybrid cars on the road so we are use less gas and better our economy as a whole.

Airline Industry: Pricing Structure and Strategies Essay

ABSTRACT The profitability of an airline industry depends on filling seats, and on the company’s ability successfully to anticipate the cost and price structures of their competitors. However, many airline carriers have a hard time accomplishing this because the average airline passenger just needs to travel from one destination to another in the most convenient and shortest amount of time at a reasonable price. Therefore, customers in this market are not as loyal to one specific airline (brand) in the industries. The reason for this is that airline carriers provide the same services at similar prices. In addition, the passenger will only incur high switching costs if they choose to take another mode of less desirable transportation. Airline carriers have overcome these problems by using the strategy of â€Å"Price discrimination.† That is a strategy that allows them adequately to segment their potential passengers, and to offer different pricing structures that match passengers’ sensitivity to price and value differences in cost to serve, and their different competitive positions (Stern, 1989). While it also allows passengers to maximize their â€Å"expected utility† when flying with the airline carrier that meets their needs. The 1978 deregulation of the airline industry has resulted in airline carriers being unable to make a profit by filling seats, and successfully to anticipate the cost and price structures of their competitors (Bailey, David, Graham, Kaplan 1985). According to statistic, the airline industries’ profits declined in 2001 through 2003 by $23.2 billion (Smith Jr. & Cox). During this time the average airline passenger just needed to travel from one destination to another in the most convenient and shortest amount of time at a reasonable price. However, because all airline carriers provide the same services at similar prices, the passengers in this market are not as loyal to one specific airline (brand). For, example, any passengers not able to purchase a flight plan that they value, will not necessary buy the next best plan offered. Instead, these price-sensitive passengers will gravitate toward a lower-cost competitor  airline (Smith Jr. & Cox). This is especially true in this particular industry because a passenger will only incur high switching costs if they chose to take another mode of less desirable transportation. Therefore, many airline carriers had a hard time making a profit or breaking even (Brady, & Cunningham, 2001). In addition, this same deregulation of the industry provided new companies the opportunity to enter an already competitive market (Bailey, David, Graham, Kaplan. 1985). This stressed the market because pricing strategies that airlines used in the past did not adequately different between price sensitive passengers and price insensitive in this market (Sterns, 1989). Therefore, many airline carriers could not â€Å"capitalize on opportunities that [would] influence customer and [their] competitor responses (Stern, 1989). Because of this lost of profit, many airline carriers were force to file bankruptcy (Brady, & Cunningham, 2001). Therefore, as a reaction to these, external pressures many of the remaining companies (American, United, Continental, Northwest, US Air, and Delta) developed complex pricing strategies that would help them to outmaneuver their rivals (Smith Jr. & Cox). Different pricing structures were developed that allow them to match passengers’ sensitivity to pr ice and value differences in cost to serve, and their different competitive positions (Stern, 1989). In addition, sense airline carriers offer a product that is homogenous; to be successful they had to offer a product that potential passengers would view as different from their competitors’ product (Westermann, 2005). One strategy that airline carriers’ use is â€Å"differentiated pricing, which is a form of â€Å"price discrimination.† That is a strategy, which many companies’ uses because it allows them to charge different prices to different customer. However, airline carriers use this strategy by offering fare discounts.[1] This strategy allows the airline carriers to get as much consumer surplus as possible from each group of passengers, given his or her utility functions and income. Once they have determine their potential passengers expected utility from flying and income â€Å"Pricing ladders† are then used to charged for seats on a flight by segmenting travelers by their identity, destination, number of days between the day of reservation, the day of travel, the day, and time of departure, the day and time of return (Currie,  & Simpson, 2009). Many airline carriers and other companies are able legally to accomplish price discrimination and use pricing ladders because not all passengers have the ability or willingness to pay the higher or lower prices when they are offered (p.331 ). Identifying price discrimination Placing restrictions on purchase and use â€Å"Price discrimination† is a way to increase prices to improve profit margins by offering substantial discounts on bundles (McAfee, 2008). Price discriminate is accomplished by airline carriers’ when they offer potential passenger that satisfy certain demographics considerations a range of packages, or combinations of fares and restrictions attached to the purchase of their tickets (Stavins, 1996 & Anderson, & Renault, 2008). This pricing discrimination strategy â€Å"†¦ is known as second-degree or self-selection price discrimination (Stavins, 1996). Under this strategy, the airline is able perfectly to segment potentials passengers into groups according to their willingness to pay (Currie, & Simpson, 2009). Airline carriers are then able to offer them the highest fare in the ladder that they are happy to pay (Currie, & Simpson, 2009). While at the same time allowing passengers â€Å"†¦to choose [other] preferred versions of a product based on their willingness to pay for specific attributes of the good (e.g., time, convenience, flexibility)† (Stavins, 1996) [The citation for a direct quote needs the page number] . The pricing strategies is successful because it allow airline carriers to match â€Å"†¦the passengers relative ‘utility’ across competing products (where multiple factors are considered, including price, departure times, elapsed times, etc† (Ratiiff & Vinod). Therefore, companies were able to charge passengers on the same airline flight different prices for the same service and product. Nevertheless, several practices that involve selling services and or products for different prices can be viewed discriminatory (Anderson, & Renault, 2008). Airline carriers however justified this price discrimination by their cost differences and their demand-base (Anderson, & Renault, 2008). That includes â€Å"†¦the service quality/price sensitivity of various air travelers and offer differential fare/service quality packages  designed for each† (Smith Jr. & Cox). The second type of price discriminations that airline carriers use is the rationing and limiting of the supply of the cheaper goods (Stavins, 1996). One way airlines accomplish this is by adding various restrictions to cheaper or discounted tickets (Stavins, 1996). The discounted ticket is offered to passengers willing to stay at their destination a specific amount of time (Saturday-night stay over) or willing to purchasing their ticket in advance (Stavins, 1996). They also offer their potential passenger a discount or cheaper rate for their bundle roundtrips tickets. These are strategies that allows airline carriers to further separate â€Å"†¦price-sensitive passenger [that have a low disutility] from travel restrictions from price-inelastic [passengers that have a] high disutility from ticket restrictions† goods (Stavins, 1996). However, not all passengers value these types of discounts, especially business travelers. This is because even though this segment of passengers is less price sensitive, they are also less flexible concerning their flight arrangement (Stavins, 1996). Therefore, airline carriers can charge this segment of travelers premium seat fees because they prefer the flexibility that their one-way tickets offer. They also offer them frequent flier plans to help induce them to favor their particular carriers, even when ticket prices and restrictions are higher than their competitor (Stavins, 1996). â€Å"yield management† systems have also enabled airline carriers effectively to determine how many last-minute business travelers will show up willing to pay whatever it takes to get on a given flight (MCCARTNEY, 1997). Whereas, they charge this segment of passengers for their seats, leisure travelers on the same flight are offered a discount price, which is not necessarily based on the price of their ticket, but instead on the flight itinerary (Stern, 1989). These discounts and cheaper tickets are an economic value that this segment of passengers will obliviously value. This is because these potential passengers are more concern about price than the flight schedule (McAfee, 2008 Stavins, 1996). It is a pricing policy that allows airline carriers to provide a wider range of choices, which allow  potential passengers to determine the products and services that best meet their needs. Thereby, passenger satisfaction and loyalty is increased, and the airline carrier is also able to optimize their revenues by up charging different prices for the same seat on their airline (Stern, 1989). However, it is important to note that in today airline hyperturbluent environment airlines ticket prices change frequently in response to supply and demand and to changes in the prices of competitors’ fares (http://www.airlines.org/products/AirlineHandbookCh3.htm). This has resulted in many airline carriers unbundling services that traditionally came with the purchase of a seat, such as baggage checking, seat reservations and even the ability to pay by credit card. The benefits of these strategic practices have increased the revenue of airlines. It has also resulted in some passengers paying only for what the use. While for others that need to check a bag, and do not pay with cash, the cost of the seat will be more. Nevertheless, no company can price discriminate successfully, if they do not have some market power to charge prices above marginal cost (Stavins, 1996). In addition, they must have a diverse population of potential passengers, which they can adequately segment (Stavins, 1996). The â€Å"†¦product resale must be impossible or costly, to prevent arbitrage† (Stavins, 1996) [Needs page number] . The airline carriers’ industries however can accomplish price discrimination because of their hub-and-spoke systems (Stavins, 1996). These system allow different airline carriers to differentiate among themselves by â€Å"†¦occupying different slots in flight schedules, and by offering different route networks† (Stavins, 1996) [Needs page number] . These differentiation in flight routes, flight frequency, and airport dominance has allow many airline carriers obtain â€Å"†¦market power even on relatively competitive routes† (Stavins, 1996) [Needs page number] . Therefore, airline carriers may have market power in some market segments, but in others they do not, which results in higher price discrimination on their more competitive routes (Stavins, 1996). Conclusion Price discrimination is usually thought of as a way to extract as much consumer surplus as possible from each group of consumers, given his or her  utility functions and income. It is a strategy therefore associated with raising prices for less elastic consumers. But in the case of airline carriers, price discrimination is exhibited [Passive voice] through fare discounts. Consumers maximize their expected utility from flying. They choose between various price restriction packages, such as between low price-high inconvenience and high price-no restrictions combinations. The choice depends on the consumer’s elasticity of demand with respect to convenience, time, or money REFERENCES Anderson, Simon P., & Renault, Rà ©gis. August 2008. Price Discrimination. Retrieved 20 April 2010 from http://www.virginia.edu/economics/ Bailey, Elizabeth E., David R. Graham, and Daniel P. Kaplan. 1985. Deregulating the Airline. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Brady, Stephan, Cunningham, William. Predatory Pricing in the Airline Industry. :Transportation Journal; Fall2001, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p5, 11p Currie, Christine S.M., and Daniel Simpson. â€Å"Optimal pricing ladders for the sale of airline tickets.† Journal of Revenue & Pricing Management 8.1 (2009): 96+. Academic One File. Web. 20 Apr. 2010. Graham, David R., Daniel P. Kaplan, and David S. Sibley. 1983. â€Å"Efficiency and Competition in the Airline Industry.† Bell Journal of Economics, vol. 14 (Spring), pp. 118-38. McAfee , R. , Preston , PRICE DISCRIMINATION, 1 ISSUES IN COMPETITION LAW AND POLICY 465 (ABA Section of Antitrust Law 2008) McAfee , R. , Preston, & Vera te Velde. Dynamic Pricing in the Airline Industry. http://www.mcafee.cc/Papers/PDF/DynamicPriceDiscrimination.pdf MCCARTNEY, SCOTT Airlines Rely on Technology To Manipulate Fare Structure The Wall Street Journal Interactive Edition November 3, 1997. http://www.nd.edu/~mgrecon/datafiles/articles/airlinefarestructure.html Ratiiff, Richard& Vinod, Ben. FUTURE OF REVENUE MANAGEMENT Airline pricing and revenue management: A future outlook Stavins, Joanna. Price Discrimination in the Airline Market: The Effect of Market Concentration. November 25, 1996 Stavins, J. (2001) â€Å"Price Discrimination in the Airline Market : The Effect of Market Concentration†, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 83, 1, 200-202. Stern Andrew, A. Pricing and Differentiation Strategies. Planning Review. Sep/Oct 1989, 17, 5. Retrieved 20 April 21, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Westermann, Dieter, (Realtime) dynamic pricing in an integrated revenue management and pricing environment: An approach to handling undifferentiated fare structures in low-fare markets: Journal of Revenue & Pricing Management; Jan2006, Vol. 4 Issue 4, p389-405, 17p, 4 http://www.airlines.org/products/AirlineHandbookCh3.htm