Fiscal Policy in the Philippines

The Philippines 2013 Budget is the national government’s plan of uses and wellsprings of financing for the current year. It illuminates the expenses of government’s plans and tasks for the whole financial year. More than that, in any case, created by a legislature that immovably accepts that its sole reason for existing is to serve its actual managers the Filipino individuals this spending plan is the epitome of our people’s aggregate expectations and wants. As indicated by the current president Benigno Aquino III, as we push ahead along the straight and noble way, they have persistently planted and sustained the seeds of change with the yearly Budgets established under this current Administration. They have organized the people’s most earnest needs so as to really and proficiently address neediness and disparity. They proposed P2. 006-trillion National Budget for 2013 which 10. 5 percent higher than this year’s spending plan of P1. 816 trillion. This Budget seeks after strengthening by making more open doors for open interest in administration. It puts altogether in the people’s abilities by organizing subsidizing for open administrations that give employments, instruct our childhood, guarantee a more beneficial populace, and enable every Filipino to take an interest in financial movement. To guarantee the quick satisfaction of our Social Contract, the organization has received arrangement measures to enable national offices to quicken their consummation of need program targets. They need to use our assets in a way that is quicker and increasingly effective, with the goal that we can achieve our basic projects and ventures early. They have assigned the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) as the foremost foundation office. This implies they will assume responsibility for the ideal usage of basic foundation ventures, including streets and extensions, study halls, rustic wellbeing offices, ranch to-advertise streets, spans for agrarian change networks and the travel industry get to streets, just as different activities distinguished in the end-all strategies of offices entrusted with the essential arrangement of these frameworks: the Departments of Education (DepEd), Health (DoH), Agriculture (DA), Agrarian Reform (DAR) and Tourism (DoT). Our proposed Budget for 2013 develops our exhibition planning and execution the executives framework. At the present time, our presentation the executives framework in government is inadmissibly divided. It has created a lot of turmoil among organizations, and has had them unnecessarily consenting to repetitive necessities. Best case scenario, it has permitted a demeanor of responsibility evasion in certain open organizations. The cure this issue the president gave Administrative Order No. 25 â€Å"Creating an Inter-Agency Task Force on the Harmonization of National Government Performance Monitoring, Information and Reporting Systems. † This Task Force drove by the DBM and the Office of the Executive Secretary will smooth out and improve all current observing and detailing prerequisites and procedures into a solitary Results-Based Performance Management System (RBPMS). This will involve the advancement of a Common Set Performance Scorecard just as a Government Executive Information System. As to introduce organization, this Budget is planned as a device we can use to impart the best expectations of uprightness and responsibility in government. It tries to reinforce our endeavors in modifying the people’s trust in open establishments through more noteworthy straightforwardness, responsibility, and resident investment in government.

Learning About Myself Essay Example For Students

Finding out About Myself Essay I understand that I don’t completely know who I am. I am as yet finding out about myself over the long haul. I could likely even name an individual or two that could state they realize me better than I know myself. What I do know is this: I am 22 years youthful and I have committed a great deal of errors throughout my life. Furthermore, I might be naã ¯ve about certain things, in any case, I have encountered a ton also. I need to begin with the way that I love to learn. You may discover me in my extra time with a book close by. I additionally love to compose. I have a lot of family, some I probably won't know be that as it may, most I love to invest energy with. I share a bond with a spirit that won't ever change. In any case, I don't have any children of my own. I am 22 years of age and I was conceived In Minneapolis, MN on a virus winter Monday in November second 1992. My grandma raised me and my 3 kin. I was constantly informed that I’ve been with her since the age of 2. In any case, I was never such inspired by the subtleties for specific reasons. My mom and father consistently existed some place in the rear of my brain however they were never â€Å"there. Regardless of whether their nonattendance was because of medications, jail, or both I’m still not certain. I was constantly kept shielded from it. I was confronted with what at the time I viewed as one of the most groundbreaking choices ever. I was going into middle school and my grandma had chosen out of the blue to move back to her home province of Mississippi. Obviously you would already be able to think about how I felt about it. I truly had no way out. All things considered, I truly didn’t have any other person at that point. I despite everything like to allude to it as the most noticeably terrible choice ever. Everything was extraordinary. It was kinda similar to a culture stun for me. There weren’t any lights, no tall structures, or ordinary neighborhoods with walkways. The fields continued for a significant distance and miles. Loaded with cotton, corn and different yields. The individuals conversed with a nation highlight and made fun and picked with me for being the new young lady and talking appropriate as they got a kick out of the chance to call it. I was constantly discouraged. As I would see it a portion of the most exceedingly terrible minutes throughout my life transpired while living in Mississippi. Furthermore, I know its sorts narrow minded of me to hate a spot dependent on genuine belief yet that is the manner by which I feel. I didn’t know anybody and my grandma kept a tight rope on me. I didn’t have numerous companions so I had no place to go at any rate. I was separated from everyone else. The family I had there I didn’t know and I really felt like a large portion of them didn’t like me at any rate. I even needed to encounter the agony of feeling an auto collision into me. I came smashing down on the windshield, breaking it, and getting raced to the ER. I was fortunate in light of the fact that there was not all that much harm other than a couple of knocks, wounds, and a missing tooth. This some way or another caused me to feel even less invited and loved. I loathed Mississippi somewhat more as a result of it. I graduated secondary school and was spared by my mom who shockingly came to Mississippi to get me back to live Minnesota with her. I never really anticipated that my mom should step up the manner in which she did. She has been a major part of my life and clean for a long time. What's more, I couldn’t be any prouder. I lament the way that I can’t say the equivalent regarding my dad. I was constantly informed that I shouldn’t be so critical towards my dad. That I should give him a possibility and not hate him to such an extent. I truly attempted I guarantee I did yet he is the explanation that I’ve discovered that â€Å"Trust of the honest is the liar’s most valuable device. † †Stephen King. I needed to become familiar with the most difficult way possible that I can’t trust anybody, particularly not my dad. He is all that I loathe and I have no regard for him. .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac , .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac .postImageUrl , .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac , .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac:hover , .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac:visited , .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac:active { border:0!important; } .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac:active , .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac:hover { mistiness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ua24f33ba58c0b2f8 8b63e57b4b3829ac .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ua24f33ba58c0b2f88b63e57b4b3829ac:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Father Damien And His Journey EssayI never had a relationship with my dad. So the last time he escaped jail in June of 2014 I assumed the best about him. I confided in him. He began coming to see me. We even ended up in a good place. He even helped me get my permit. I thought we were a work in progress and I actually still don’t comprehend what turned out badly. I had the most noticeably awful day ever. It began with a toothache and getting my intelligence tooth precisely evacuated and finished with me in cuffs in the rear of a squad car due to dear ole daddy. I return home to rests despite everything descending off the Novo cain or whatever. Also, my dad calls me in trouble. He got into a squabble with some folks and wound up leaving his vehicle some place and required me for a ride back to his vehicle. I realized it was horse crap supposing that I you are in a quarrel the exact opposite thing you will do is leave your vehicle however I didn't address it in light of the fact that my dad is exceptionally cryptic. I idiotically go to his salvage. I get him from his home to take him to his vehicle and the second I turn the corner I get cut off by a pickup truck. I thought it was simply one more driver experiencing street rage yet once I look in my back view reflect I understand that it’s not. Encircled by police with firearms drawn and K-9 in full mammoth mode. The entire time my dad said nothing. I get pulled out of my vehicle, put in cuffs, in the rear of a crew vehicle with the entirety of my assets seized. In the wake of being compelled to sit at the intersection of Plymouth for quite a long time I was at last informed that my dad had burglarized a bank. I wasn’t discharged until after I was shipped to my father’s house while they attacked it. What's more, and, after its all said and done it took for my mom to come searching for me and to affirm my story for them to release me. Since he was not talking. He wouldn’t even tell the police I was his little girl and that I didn’t have anything to do with it. What's more, I haven’t got notification from him since I have figured out how to proceed onward. I will never excuse him and I will always remember what he has done to me. I won't carry on with my life in lament or reprimanding myself for something I have no influence over. I won't let that circumstance block me. I have figured out how to be a superior individual as a result of it. I see myself a long time from now as a paralegal, prison guard, or probation officer, wedded with in any event three youngsters. I am as yet finding out about myself yet I trust that by perusing this you discover somewhat more about me.

SMART Goals Template for Lifestyle Change

SMART Goals Template for Lifestyle Change Stress Management Management Techniques Print SMART Goals for Lifestyle Change Set Effective Health Goals Using This Method and Template By Mark Stibich, PhD  Mark Stibich, PhD, FIDSA, is a behavior change expert with experience helping individuals make lasting lifestyle improvements. Learn about our editorial policy Mark Stibich, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Carly Snyder, MD on November 12, 2019 facebook twitter linkedin Carly Snyder, MD is a reproductive and perinatal psychiatrist who combines traditional psychiatry with integrative medicine-based treatments.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Carly Snyder, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 Geber86 / E+ / Getty Images More in Stress Management Management Techniques Physical Techniques Relaxation Time Management Effects on Health Situational Stress Job Stress Household Stress Relationship Stress Setting SMART goals is a method that is used in creating a goal that is specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and time-based. The SMART criteria help to incorporate guidance and realistic direction in goal setting, which increases motivation and leads to better results in achieving lasting change. When setting healthy lifestyle objectives, a goal of aiming to walk for 30 minutes, five times per week, for a period of four weeks is a SMART goal, while an overall goal of simply wanting to be healthier or having less stress is too vague and does not incorporate the SMART criteria. Goal Setting the SMART Way Taking some time to recognize your objectives and use the SMART criteria listed below will help you put more detail and direction into setting your health and lifestyle goals: S: Specific Start by stating the objective you wish to meet as specifically as possible. If your plan is to lose weight in order to have more energy, a goal of “lose 20 pounds” is more specific than simply saying my resolution is to lose weight.”Being specific helps to incorporate the method into the goal, not just the outcome.Create your goal as an instruction whereby you tell yourself what to do. Try creating a statement for your goal, such as “I want to lose 20 pounds by increasing my exercise to four times a week, reducing sugar in my diet, and controlling portion size.” M: Measurable Adding quantifiable or measurable criteria to your goal will allow you to measure progress as you work towards achieving your goal.Being able to count off the numbers as you progress will feel good, and measuring can help keep you from cheating. The goal of “lose 20 pounds” can be gradually measured by a scale, and exercising four times per week can be tracked on a calendar.Consider creative methods of tracking your progress. If you want to reduce stress, devise a stress measure for yourself, like the number of times you get upset every day. Keep a log and record each stressful reaction.Measuring results can help you adjust your goals as you work towards meeting your objectives. When it comes to stress, you can watch for trends, such as situations that cause you more stress, so that you can avoid them or respond differently in the future. A: Attainable Do not set yourself up for failure by selecting unattainable goals. For example, setting a goal to lose that 20 pounds in a two week period is both difficult to do and unhealthy to achieve. Goals should be ambitious but not impossible. Choose a goal that you are confident you can reach, but that will challenge you to follow through with smaller, more attainable actions required to achieve it.Break large goals into smaller goals and spell out the process required to achieve your objectives.Make sure that the process is also realistic so that you can achieve all of the individual steps that you need. If you dont have time, supplies, or the right location, make adjustments to your methods and goals. R: Relevant Your goal should be meaningful to you, set by you and not set by someone else.Each step of attaining the goal should make sense. If you want to lose weight, be sure to select a type of exercise that you enjoy. Zumba, jogging, cycling, and swimming are all exercises that can help you lose weight, but not everyone considers each of these enjoyable. Pick the method that is right for you. Setting the Right Goals for Your Weight Loss Success If you dont actually care about the goal, you are unlikely to work on it. For example, if your goal is to eat vegan to lose those 20 pounds that are weighing you down, but you dont actually enjoy vegan foods or truly believe that it will produce the desired outcome, then you are far less likely to achieve your goal of losing 20 pounds.The goal should be inspiring enough that it motivates you to succeed. If you are not determined to meet your goal, obstacles will be very difficult to overcome.For example, if your doctor says, “lose weight” and your spouse says, “lose weight,” but you are not inspired by this statement, find another goal that also improves your health while you try to find a way to become inspired about weight loss. For example, it might be much more inspiring to you to say, I want to have more energy to play with my kids or I want to fit back into my college football jersey in order to feel inspired to create smaller, process-based goals that work towards your desires and wishes. T: Time Based When will you achieve your goal? You need to choose a time that is realistic but not too far off into the future.Saying “I will lose 20 pounds in three months” is good, but saying “I will lose an average of 2 pounds every week, for 10 weeks” is better for motivation as you track your progress. Get Started with a Template Use the following sentence as a template to set your SMART goal:I will [your goal here] by [how you will do the goal]. I will know I am making progress because [how you will measure the goal] for [time goes here]. For example, I will lose 20 pounds by doing cardio and weight training at the gym four times a week, cutting back on sugar and controlling portion size. I will know I am making progress because I will lose two pounds a week for 10 weeks. Tips for Success You dont have to wait for New Years Eve to set your SMART goals. There is no better time to start than today, but keep in mind that the method requires a bit of practice. The following tips can help you better achieve success in reaching your goals: Focus on process goals instead of just an outcome. Focussing on an outcome gives you a target, but it doesnt address how you will reach the goal.Work on changing behaviors and habits.For sustained lifestyle changes, feel free to set long-term goals to keep the big picture in mind. However, break down the long-term goal into a series of smaller short-term goals in order to track progress and keep yourself motivated.Write your SMART goal down. This will allow you to go back to your goal to reference and review. 10 Ways of Journaling Your Way to Better Goals in Your Life Share it with others. Its much more difficult to give up on your goals when others know about it.Don’t set yourself up for failure by taking on too much or setting an unattainable goal. For example, if you work an office job 65 hours a week, do not set a goal of going to the gym seven days a week for 2 hours a day unless that is actually a feasible workout schedule for you.Remember that someone elses goals are not your goals. Your goals have to be meaningful and attainable for you.Accept that sometimes things happen and failing to reach a goal is part of the learning process. Do not beat yourself up and instead evaluate your progress and your goals to see whether you missed a SMART criterion or step. Simply readjust your goals, and jump back in. 10 Ways to Have Fewer Regrets by the End of the Week

The Remarkable World Of Stem Cells. Micheal Davis. Writing

The Remarkable World of Stem Cells Micheal Davis Writing 301 Mrs. Sargent January 18, 2017 The Remarkable World of Stem Cells Stem cells have been a medical miracle since the dawn of the 20th century, and there next-to-limitless potential has exceeded modern biologists’ wildest dreams. One question to ask however, is what are stem cells, and how do they function to where is makes them such a great medical discovery? In a sort of simplified version to which will give more of a better overall understanding of the topic at hand, stem cells are a sort of interior repair system for the human body and other organisms (NIH, 2016). Because of this unique ability, stem cells can replicate more than a dozen aspects of the human†¦show more content†¦If a 24 year old male were to choose one or the other, then adult stem cells would be better because they have already grown along with the 24 year old so it makes it the perfect match. The way that stem cells work, which includes both embryonic and non-embryonic, is interesting in a lot of assets. Like all cells, stem cells need to perform cell division i n order for them to probably function and do their jobs, so they need to go through things such as telekinesis mitosis and even meiosis. Embryonic stem cells start off in the blastocyst, or cell embryo that contains approximately 150 cells (MCS, 2013) MCS: Mayo Clinic Staff. After this occurs, the embryonic stems cells will then assemble healthy cells in order to block out or even discontinue old sick ones (MCS, 2013). Adult stem cells are a tad different then embryonic stem cells are as far as there development goes. In the adult stems cell’s development process, Rather than starting out as an egg or fetus, it is already found in your body in places like tissue, bone marrow etcetera, which means that you don’t have to create it like the embryonic stem, however, because of this they don’t have as much ability to differentiate (NIH, 2016). Embryonic stem cells are used, and researched to a much larger extent then adult stem cells due to the fact that adult stem cells are

The Indicators Used To Inform Observers about Improvements in Sustainability Free Essay Example, 2000 words

According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that together with a Sustainable Living Plan development, Unilever has set the targets that it is aiming to achieve and by what timeline. This information is absolutely transparent as the results (both success and failures) are published on the corporate website of the company. Some of the key indicators and metrics that the company is measuring the set targets include: % of raw materials coming from sustainable sources; The number of people whom the company helped to improve health and well-being through its brans: Signal, Lifebuoy, Pureit, and Dove; The number of beverages and foods that meet nationally recognized nutritional standards; The number of smallholder farmers whom the company helped and provided training; The number of Shakti women micro-entrepreneurs in India employed by the company. In addition to the above-listed indicators, Unilever is aimed to work on deforestation elimination, improving the livelihoods of smallholder farmers and improving food security, helping people gain access to proper sanitation, safe drinking water, and proper hygiene habits. Unilever faces a tough competition on behalf of the companies operating in the same sector and developing similarly innovative products. We will write a custom essay sample on The Indicators Used To Inform Observers about Improvements in Sustainability or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Moreover, P G has also been recognized in one of the same ethical processes rankings as Unilever. On the one hand, the competition of businesses on the sustainability background is a positive trend towards making planet greener and improving lives of people in the communities.

S.I.P sample Free Essays

As of the mosquito, citronella can really repel it, and it is now proven by scientists. But as of the ants and the flies, we are trying to work on a simple experiment in which it can repel or kill them. Objectives: 1 . We will write a custom essay sample on S.I.P sample or any similar topic only for you Order Now ) We used our classroom as the scenario, and as we all know, there are many ants, flies and mosquitoes in it. And we can’t concentrate in what we are doing because of them. So, we conducted this s. I. P. To make us comfortable in our room without disruptions Just to kill mosquitoes, flies and ants. 2. ) We can also use this in our houses, if there are infestations of mosquitoes, ants or flies. 3. This liquid is not smelly as the others are, so you can breathe well even spraying it. 4. ) Our project only uses organic materials and we don’t use Cuff’s that can destroy our ozone. Significance: Our project might not be the first project to kill mosquitoes, flies and ants, but our only uses organic materials which is not common in making project insecticides. We decided to make this project for us to create our own version of organic insecticides. Our project is important nowadays because almost all of the commodities are now expensive, and we need to use our available resources as an alternative to all. And we chose to create an insecticides. Scope and limitations: alternative of In other insecticides, they can also kill cockroaches and even mice, but we chose not to our members because when we discussed how to conduct the experiment of it, one of suggested that we would be having a hard time catching cockroaches and mice, and we’ve all agreed to this. How to cite S.I.P sample, Papers

Top Qualities and Characteristics of an Effective Leader

Question: Discuss about qualities of an effective leader, characteristics of an effective leader and leadership model. Answer: Introduction An effective leader is an individual with an emotion for a reason that is larger than they are. A leadership must have values that are life-giving to the society. Hence, in this study the researcher would analysis the qualities and characteristic of a leader that are strongly influenced within the workplace. However, often the leaders fail to adjust own strategies as per the business situations. Henceforth, the author would examine the characteristics with giving an example of real life leader who has succeed in his business by adopting effective leadership strategies. Qualities of an effective leader A good leader is a salient character who is trustworthy to lead others which is of utmost gravity for a leader. A good leader needs to be relied and be known to live life with integrity and honesty. According to Puccio, Mance Murdock (2010), the individual is enthusiastic in their work and also about the role of a leader. Therefore, people will rejoin more freely to a person of dedication and passion. At the same time, a leader needs to be source of motivation. In order to lead over the staffs a leader needs to appear as a confident. Therefore, the person motivates inspires to other. However, in some cases it has been seen that an effective leader cannot face ambiguity as they are intolerant to face of dilemma in a situation of uncertainty. Therefore, the staffs also suffer from the lack of positive demeanor. An effective leader would focus the main objective and is able to inspect analytically (Spears, 2010). These are the important qualities that make an individual an effective leader. Characteristics of an effective leader According to Boyce, Zaccaro Wisecarver (2010), an effective and good leader must possess a high level of communication skills. The leader must be a good speaker as well as good listener and should communicate all the level of an organisation. Simultaneously, a good leader must have interpersonal skills and earn confidence and trust from the followers. The individual should be flexible to face challenges and adjust environments. Hence, these characteristics help the individuals to be succeed in business. For an real life example, the CEO of Apple, Steve Jobs is the master of persuasive and effective speaking, implementing various strategies to adapt to differentiate situations and scenarios while delivering consistent messages (News, 2016). Leadership model The Path-Goal Theory model shows that how a leader applies strategies within the workplace to be an effective leader. The individual should have directive, participative and supportive behaviour these can give better outcomes (Puccio, Mance Murdock, 2010). The employee's performance and satisfaction is totally influenced by a leaders skilled behaviour. There are two types of factors that a leader have to overcome, these are environmental contingency factors and subordinate contingency factors. A leader having the latter pre requisite quality is considered to be staff motivator and upholds the flag of the organization. [Refer to Appendix 1]. However, a true leader is hard to detect, especially in the modern instance of intense market competition and diverse nature of workforce. Conclusion It could be concluded that an effective leader must have communication and interpersonal skills that would help him to understand the problems and requirement of employees. Therefore, the individual is able to take decisions. In a workplace, there are diversity of culture so that an effective leader should have potentiality to manage and adjust the working environment. A leader could thus follow the path goal theory model in order to be an effective leader to its employees. References Books Puccio, G. J., Mance, M., Murdock, M. C. (2010). Creative leadership: Skills that drive change. California: Sage Publications. Journals Spears, L. C. (2010). Character and servant leadership: Ten characteristics of effective, caring leaders. The Journal of Virtues Leadership, 1(1), 25-30. Boyce, L. A., Zaccaro, S. J., Wisecarver, M. Z. (2010). Propensity for self-development of leadership attributes: Understanding, predicting, and supporting performance of leader self-development. The Leadership Quarterly, 21(1), 159-178. Websites News, A. (2016). Video: Newly Released Tapes Reveal Visionary Genius of Apple's Steve Jobs. ABC News. Retrieved 12 July 2016, from https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/video/newly-released-tapes-reveal-visionary-genius-apples-steve-34277612 Bibliography Books DuBrin, A. J. (2010). Principles of leadership (pp. 159-166). Canada: South-Western. Daft, R. L. (2014). The leadership experience. Boston: Cengage Learning. Alvesson, M., Spicer, A. (Eds.). (2010). Metaphors we lead by: Understanding leadership in the real world. Abingdon: Routledge. Haslam, S. A., Reicher, S. D., Platow, M. J. (2010). The new psychology of leadership: Identity, influence and power. New York: Psychology Press. Journals Kiazad, K., Restubog, S. L. D., Zagenczyk, T. J., Kiewitz, C., Tang, R. L. (2010). In pursuit of power: The role of authoritarian leadership in the relationship between supervisors Machiavellianism and subordinates perceptions of abusive supervisory behavior. Journal of Research in Personality, 44(4), 512-519. Derue, D. S., Nahrgang, J. D., Wellman, N. E. D., Humphrey, S. E. (2011). Trait and behavioral theories of leadership: An integration and meta analytic test of their relative validity. Personnel psychology, 64(1), 7-52. Crevani, L., Lindgren, M., Packendorff, J. (2010). Leadership, not leaders: On the study of leadership as practices and interactions. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 26(1), 77-86. Zopiatis, A., Constanti, P. (2010). Leadership styles and burnout: is there an association?. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22(3), 300-320. Yukl, G., Mahsud, R. (2010). Why flexible and adaptive leadership is essential. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 62(2), 81. Liu, J., Siu, O. L., Shi, K. (2010). Transformational leadership and employee well being: The mediating role of trust in the leader and self efficacy. Applied Psychology, 59(3), 454-479. Website Being the best leader you can be | MaST. (2016). Mast.co.uk. Retrieved 12 July 2016, from https://www.mast.co.uk/leadership-skills/being-best-leader-you-can-be?gclid=CI_c186r7c0CFUiVaAodXCcF_g

1 Berkey Research Paper

1 Berkey Research Paper 1 Berkey Research Paper Berkey 1 Kirsten Berkey Mrs. Stoltz English 9 AT/H  ­ 1 9 March 2015 Legal Drinking Age: Continuing the Legacy Every year, nine hundred adolescents below the age of twenty ­one would be buried because of traffic ­related accidents as a result of a lower drinking age at eighteen (â€Å"The Debate†). Young adults are just beginning their lives with so much potential for the future. A lower drinking age heightens the potential for young people to destroy their future opportunities. Lately, contrasting views on changing the minimum legal drinking age to eighteen have erupted into the news. Individuals feel the current legal drinking age is outdated because eighteen year ­olds receive all their rights except the right to drink. They also believe a lower drinking age would help young adults drink more responsibly and in a controlled setting. Others view the current law as a safety net to prevent the amount of deaths that are the result of alcohol use or abuse. Changing the legal drinking age to eighteen is not an option because of the effects of alcohol on brain development, alcohol ­related problems in the future for individuals who use alcohol at a younger age, and a higher amount of fatalities on the highway. A lower drinking age disrupts brain development in adolescents and young adults that has detrimental effects on brain functionality as a lifelong result. Researchers have come to the conclusion that excessive alcohol use can disrupt the growth of new brain cells or neurons that grow until adulthood in a process called neurogenesis (â€Å"Alcohol’s†). Resulting in the extended loss found in necessary regions inside the brain ­including the hippocampal function and structure in late adolescence (â€Å"Alcohol’s†). This evidence signifies the destruction Berkey 2 associated with younger alcohol use which causes more brain damage that would disturb the growth process into adulthood. In addition, the effects of alcohol use can hinder an individual's brain tissues and hurt the part of the brain that controls memories, thinking and emotions leading to perpetual changes in the brain that can require life custodial care (Wagner 14, 42). Examples like these clearly show the consequences of alcohol altering the brain beyond repair. With the drinking age kept at twenty ­one, it decreases the chance for more damage to be done that is permanent. A higher drinking age protects altercations in the minds of intellectually thriving young people. Furthermore, lowering the drinking age does not teach young people to drink more responsibly and increases the chances of young adults to have alcohol ­related problems in the future . Compared to adolescents who waited until they were twenty ­one to drink, a study has been conducted that noticed eighteen year olds were nearly twice as likely as twenty ­one year olds to engage in a physical fight and be unintentionally injured after consuming alcohol (Kiesbye 15). This research demonstrates the fact that underage alcohol consumption has huge effects on the health and safety of an individual and community. Lowering the drinking age to eighteen causes a higher amount of potential risks for being injured. In addition, alcohol is a factor in twenty eight percent of college dropouts. By allowing the legal drinking age to eighteen, there is a possibility more young people would drop out of college ("Apecsec†). Varied individuals believe that lowering the drinking age to eighteen will teach teens to drink and act more responsibly with the use of alcohol. Statistics emphasize otherwise, as adolescents would make unwise decisions that could negatively affect their future career and lifestyle options with the ability to obtain alcohol. Naturally, a lower drinking age has no place in our society as it causes unnecessary risks for injuries and the possibility to negatively affect the consumer’s future affairs. Berkey 3 Most importantly, a lower drinking age

The Devil and Tom Walker Summary and Study Guide

'The Devil and Tom Walker' Summary and Study Guide Washington Irving, one of early Americas greatest storytellers, was the author of such beloved works as Rip van Winkle (1819) and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1820). Another of his short stories, The Devil and Tom Walker, is not as well known, but it is definitely worth seeking out. The Devil and Tom Walker was first published in 1824 among a collection of short stories called Tales of a Traveller, which Irving wrote as Geoffrey Crayon, one of his pseudonyms.  The Devil and Tom Walker appropriately appeared in a section called Money-Diggers, as the tale chronicles the selfish choices of an exceptionally stingy and greedy man. Historical Context Irvings piece is a relatively early entry into the many literary works considered Faustian tales - stories depicting greed, a thirst for instant gratification, and, ultimately, a deal with the devil as the means to such selfish ends. The legend of  Faust  dates to 16th-century Germany, with Christopher Marlowe dramatizing the legend in his play The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus, first performed sometime around 1588.  Faustian tales have been a hallmark of Western culture ever since, the major theme of plays, poems,  operas, classical music, and even film and television productions. It is perhaps unsurprising that, given its dark subject, The Devil and Tom Walker sparked a fair amount of controversy, particularly among the religious population. Still, many consider it one of Irvings finest stories and an exemplary piece of narrative writing. In fact, Irvings piece triggered a rebirth of sorts for the Faustian tale. It is widely reported to have inspired  Stephen Vincent Benets The Devil and Daniel Webster, which appeared in The Saturday Evening Post in 1936 - more than a century after Irvings story came out. Plot Summary The book opens with the tale of how  Captain Kidd, a pirate, buried some treasure in a swamp just outside Boston. It then jumps to the year 1727, when New Englander Tom Walker happened to find himself walking through this swamp. Walker, explains the narrator, was just the kind of man to jump at the prospect of a buried treasure, as he, along with his wife, were selfish to the point of destruction. While walking through the swamp,  Walker comes upon the devil, a great black man carrying an ax, whom Irving calls Old Scratch. The devil in disguise  tells Walker about the treasure, saying that he controls it but will give it to Tom for a price. Walker agrees readily, without really considering what he is expected to pay in return - his soul. The rest of the tale follows the twists and turns one might expect as a result of greed-driven decisions and deal-making with the devil. Main Characters Tom Walker, the protagonist of the story,  is described as a meager miserly fellow and is probably Irvings most despised (or least likable) character. Despite his many unsavory characteristics, he is also memorable.  Initially, Walker rejects Old Scratchs offer, but he eventually gives in to the devils conditions. Walker has been compared to Faust/Faustus, a character who has appeared in countless works through literary history, from Marlowe, Goethe, and beyond. Walkers wife is such a minor character that her name is never given, but she can be likened to her husband in her miserly nature and volatile temper, as Irving describes: Toms wife was a tall termagant, fierce of temper, loud of tongue, and strong of arm. Her voice was often heard in wordy warfare with her husband, and his face sometimes showed signs that their conflicts were not confined to words. Old Scratch  is another name for the devil. Old Scratch is described as a dark-skinned man. Washington Irving wrote, It is true, he was dressed in a rude, half Indian garb, and had a red belt or sash swathed round his body, but his face was neither black nor copper color, but swarthy and dingy and begrimed with soot, as if he had been accustomed to toil among fires and forges. The actions of Old Scratch are similar to other tales where he is the tempter, who offers the protagonist riches or other gains in exchange for the characters soul. Major Events and Setting The Devil and Tom Walker may be a short story but quite a bit takes place in its few pages. The events - and the locations where they take place - really drive the overarching theme of the story: avarice and its consequences. The events of the story can be divided into two locations: Old Indian Fort Tom Walker meets Old Scratch: Tom takes a shortcut through tangled, dark, and dingy swamplands, which are so dark and uninviting that they represent hell in the story. Tom meets the devil, Old Scratch, at an abandoned Indian fort hidden away in the swamplands.Old Scratch offers Tom Walker great sums of money in exchange for certain conditions. The conditions are, of course, that Walker gives his soul in his deal with the devil.The devil offers Tom riches hidden by Captain  Kidd if Tom agrees to sell his soul to Old Scratch. Tom agrees.Toms wife confronts Old Scratch. She goes into the swamplands, twice, hoping that Old Scratch would make a deal with her instead of her husband. Toms wife absconds with all of the couples valuables for the second meeting, but she disappears into the swamplands and is never heard from again. Boston Bolstered by the ill-gotten riches offered by Old Scratch, Walker opens a brokers office in Boston. Walker lends money freely, but he is merciless in his dealings and ruins the lives of many borrowers, often repossessing their property.A ruined speculator asks for a debt he owes to Tom to be forgiven. Walker refuses, but the devil rides in on a horse, easily sweeps Tom up, and gallops away - and Tom is never seen again. After that, all the deeds and notes in Walkers safe turn to ash, and his house mysteriously burns down. Key Quotes The legend of a man who sold his soul to the devil and its devious consequences has been retold many times, but Irvings original words truly reveal the story. Setting the scene: About the year 1727, just at the time when earthquakes were prevalent in New England and shook many tall sinners down upon their knees, there lived near this place a meager miserly fellow of the name of Tom Walker. Describing the protagonist: Tom was a hard-minded fellow, not easily daunted, and he had lived so long with a termagant wife, that he did not even fear the devil. Describing the protagonist and his wife: ...they were so miserly that they even conspired to cheat each other. Whatever the woman could lay hands on she hid away: a hen could not cackle but she was on the alert to secure the new-laid egg. Her husband was continually prying about to detect her secret hoards, and many and fierce were the conflicts that took place about what ought to have been common property. Laying out the potential moral consequences of greed: As Tom waxed old, however, he grew thoughtful. Having secured the good things of this world, he began to feel anxious about those of the next. The communitys state of mind regarding the death of Walker and his wife: The good people of Boston shook their heads and shrugged their shoulders, but had been so much accustomed to witches and goblins and tricks of the devil in all kinds of shapes from the first settlement of the colony, that they were not so much horror struck as might have been expected. Study Guide Questions Once students have had a chance to read this classic tale, test their knowledge with these study questions: What is important about the title? Had you ever heard the phrase before reading the story?  What are the conflicts in The Devil and Tom Walker? What types of conflict (physical, moral, intellectual, or emotional) do you see?Does Irving reveal character in  The Devil and Tom Walker?  Who was Faust (in literary history)? How could Tom Walker be said to have made a Faustian bargain?How does greed factor into this story? Do you think the Walker familys financial situation plays a factor in their choices?  Ã‚  What are some themes in the story? How do they relate to the plot and characters?  Compare and contrast Tom Walker with Scrooge in A Christmas Carol, by  Charles Dickens  Is Tom Walker consistent in his actions? Is he a fully developed character? How? Why?  Do you find the characters likable? Are the characters persons you would want to meet?  Discuss some of the symbols in The Devil and Tom Walker.  How are women portrayed in this story? Is the portrayal positiv e or negative?  Ã‚  Does the story end the way you expected? How? Why? How did you feel about the ending? Was it fair? Why or why not?   What is the central or primary purpose of the story? Is the purpose important or meaningful?  How essential is the setting to the story? Could the story have taken place anywhere else?  What supernatural or surprising events are employed by  Washington Irving? Are these happenings believable?  How do you think Irvings Christian  beliefs impacted his writing?  Ã‚  What would you trade your soul for?  Do you think Tom and his wife made the right choice?

Motivational Issues In Modern Management Term Paper

Motivational Issues In Modern Management - Term Paper Example Having an open door policy in an organization makes all employees feel at ease. When management encourages staff to feel at ease in the office, it creates an atmosphere that is conducive to work in. Communicating in an informal basis to the juniors helps them feel that you are part of their team thus encourages them to involve the management more in their work. Building employee confidence is crucial as this finally trickles down to the kind of results they produce. Offering feedback and information on a project, or encouragement to employees instills confidence in them. Meeting employee’s needs in areas such as, good working conditions, offering reasonable salaries, and job security all help in job satisfaction. Most employees have targets which they have set for themselves, getting to know employee’s better helps the managers establish the type of targets to give to a person, as well as identify their strengths and weaknesses. Laming (2004) argues that motivation can be done by setting targets that are achievable to an individual. However, this does not mean that a more experienced staff should be given a task that they are sure to meet easily since it does not help them in personal growth. For a more experienced staff, a more challenging task they have never encountered before drives them into being more creative and innovative, hence helps boost their confidence too. Therefore, the tasks given have to be realistic, specific, and tangible. This helps them into putting more effort to the task at hand. It enhances job satisfaction and offers opportunities for job advancements and promotions (Laming, 2004). Targets equally help employees know exactly what is expected of them. Therefore, empowering employees is very important as it helps them advance and improve their quality of life. Management should concentrate on making work more interesting to their staff. Job enrichment cuts back on workers feeling dissatisfied with their jobs. This improves the atmosphere of the workplace and employees tend to be more responsible (Donald, 2004). However, this means that the company has to incur expenses in training the staff members who lack the proper skills. Nevertheless, the training is beneficial to both the employee and employer, as the staff can be given more responsibilities as they already have acquired training. Job rotation should highly be considered as it helps an employee gain more knowledge of the processes of the company. This means that at any given time, there is always someone on standby able to do the job in case a member of staff is unavailable. However, this means that some employees have to be taken away from their usual tasks so as to acquire more training on more duties and responsibilities. Appraisals are a good way of assessing and improving employee’s performance. The appraisals work in identifying the strengths and weaknesses of employees, therefore, investing more time on their strengths. Companies l ike Apple motivate their staff by giving them time to work on a creation of their choice once a week (Reeve, 2009). In return, new innovations are often created. This gives the employees ownership of the creation, and encourages them create more innovations. Praising employees during public events is a good way to boost their motivation and self esteem. This shows that management values the work one is

Autocallable Structured Notes - involving the knowledge of exotic Essay

Autocallable Structured Notes - involving the knowledge of exotic options and portfolio replicating skills - Essay Example With reference to the term sheet, the issued autocallable structured notes however are principal protected which is a significant deviation in the structure of the security since it was originally issued. One issue which is more prominent since the launch of this type of security is its pricing. Pricing models have now proposed a new approach to the pricing of autocallable structured note by incorporating stochastic volatility by taking on the correlation between the interest and equity. Due to the high return offered by these structured notes owing to their inherent structure as they tend to increase in value when markets go down as well as when markets are rising. The reason for the issuance of these investment securities during Oct/November 2007 was because of the fact that due to credit crunch in the financial sector at International Level and resulting volatility in the equity markets resulted in creating opportunities for the investors to engineer instruments which provide a confirmed high return coupled with principal protection. This fact can also be corroborated in the sense that the overall credit crunch in western financial institutions resulted in upward surge in the interest rates hence necessitating a raise in the required rate of return by the investors in the equity markets also. Since these structured notes are structured in a way that they either go in tandem with some benchmarking rates like LIBOR thus any fluctuation in benchmarking rates also pu sh the returns on these instruments in more favorable position for the investors. Apart from that autocallables are considered as yield enhancement strategies. Trading units and size of the issue do not seem to be having any implications on the risk return profile of the investor however it must also be noted that the underlying currency of the asset may have some implications on the value since any changes in the interest rates will have impact on the exchange rates and this may

The Introduction Of Food Hygiene Health Essay

The Introduction Of Food Hygiene Health Essay Nowadays, public are emphasize on food hygiene. There are many food poisoning cases happen because of poor food hygiene standards. Food service businesses are taking important role in the proper hygiene standard. As Kashif Hussain(2005) stated that, food hygiene in a food service operation is the responsibility of everyone working in that establishment in order to prevent and reduce the risk of food borne illness. This paper is intended to study the relationship of food hygiene and customers purchasing behaviors among TARC Perak Branch Campus students. Food hygiene is very important to every restaurant. Maintaining standard hygiene in a restaurant may result in good reputation and increase restaurant table turnover rate. A proper hygiene standard in restaurant may influence customers purchasing behaviors. 1.2 Background of research Kampar is a town which located in Perak, Malaysia. In the early time, Kampar is a town which rich with tin reserves. After constructing TAR College and University, the job opportunities in Kampar are increased especially for food and beverage business. Among the restaurant business in Kampar, there are some of restaurant owner did not have proper hygiene knowledge or did not apply the food safety knowledge when operating their business. The lack of concern of hygiene will directly affect the health of Kampar residents as well as Kampar students such as food borne illness. 1.3 Problem Statement Statement of problem is to study the relationship between food hygiene and customers purchasing behaviours among TARC students. Food hygiene is very important for any food service industry. Good practicing in hygiene standard can help to enhance the restaurant reputation, customers purchasing behaviour and the most important issue is reduced the risk of food borne illness. 1.4 Objectives of the study The objectives in this research attempted to achieve the following: 1. To investigate how application of HACCP influence the purchasing behaviour among Kampar students 2. To investigate the relationship between food borne illness and purchasing behaviour among Kampar students 1.5 Research Questions 1 Will Application of HACCP influence purchasing behaviour among Kampar students? 2. Will factor of food borne illness influence the purchasing behaviour among Kampar students? 1.6 Research Hypothesis 1. Application of HACCP influence the Kampar students purchasing behaviour 2. Food borne illness will influence Kampar students purchasing behaviour. 1.7 Significance of Research This study will be a guideline for the restaurant business to understand that the importance and application of food hygiene in a restaurant. Besides that, this research will provide opportunity for person, who involved in restaurant industry to understand more about food hygiene, and the right way in the process of preparing, storing and serving the foods which safe for human consumption. 1.8 Scope and limitations of research This research is focused on food hygiene and customers purchasing behaviour. The area of this research was in Kampar restaurant and TARC Perak Branch Campus students are the population for this research. There are some limitations faced in this research. Researcher are facing problem when finding journals to support the research topic because most of the journal are old. 1.9 Operational Definition of Terms Food Hygiene, hazards, HACCP, Food borne illness Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction of food hygiene Educational Foundation of the National Restaurant Association (1992) defines food hygiene as the creation and maintenance of healthful or hygienic conditions. In a food service situation, the word food hygiene means wholesome food, handled and prepared in a way that, the food is not contaminated with disease causing agents. The World Health Organization 2002 stated that, food safety is an increasingly important public health issue and inadequate food safety control was a key contributor to the 2.1 million deaths from diarrhoeal disease globally in 2000. Keyvan Amjadi (2005), annual estimates for industrialised countries show that there are up to 30% of the populations are affected by food borne illness each year. Kashif Hussain(2005) stated, food hygiene in a food service operation is the responsibility of everyone working in that establishment. Proper food hygiene is known as healthful, clean and safety environment, and pleasant working conditions. Saunders (1991) stated that, every body must eat to survive and food safety is considered very important to consumers. Mossel (1992) add on that, a discrepancy between medically acknowledged risks and food safety risks as perceived by the consumer. Shapman and Shapman,(1992), Waites and Arbuthnott, (1991) add on that, many cases of food poisoning occur as a result of failure to control growth of pathogens in foods, but with due diligence at all stages in the food chain this is largely preventable 2.2 Definition of food hygiene The World Health Organization (2006) define food hygiene as all conditions and measures necessary to ensure the safety and suitability of food at all stages of the food-chain. Malcolm Tatum (2012), food  hygiene is used to describe the storage and preparation of foods in order to make sure that, food  is safe for human consumption. Malcolm Tatum (2012) adds on, food hygiene is usually refers practices at an individual or family status, whereas the food sanitation normally refers to types of procedures at the commercial level within the  food industry. Malcolm Tatum (2012) also mentions that there are some steps are needed to be emphasis and follow accordingly in order to maintain the food hygiene. The steps need to be concern are included washing hands before handling  food, proper storage of  food  before use, make sure that all serving dishes are clean and free of contaminants when preparing the food and lastly maintaining a clean environment. 2.3 HACCP Eunice Taylor, (2008) define Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) as a risk-based management system which designed for assure the microbiological safety of food manufactured for use in the United Stated manned space missions of the 1960s. Eunice Taylor (2008) add on that, HACCP has become the internationally recognised system of managing food safety and its use has been extended to control the full range of biological, chemical and physical hazards since that time. BenEmbarek (2002) define HACCP as an advance in modern technology, producing safety food and keeping it safety remains a worldwide public health problem with illness caused by the consumption of contaminated food described as the most widespread health problem now a days. Codex (1997) stated that, the systems of the HACCP building block are developed through application of the internationally agreed HACCP Principles. Motarjemi (1999) and Kaferstein (1999) stated that, the HACCP system will help to prevent from fo od borne illness outbreaks only if it is understood and applied it correctly. Motarjemi (1999) and Kaferstein (1999) add on, there are very few records of food borne illness outbreaks in which a food company operating with full commitment and understanding of the HACCP system has been involved. Motarjemi(1999) and Kaferstein (1999) emphasis that, food-borne illness would not occur if HACCP system is applied correctly. Whilst Motarjemi and Kaferstein (1999) argue with this point of view and stated that positive results may be expected when the HACCP system has been applied correctly, it is also necessary to establish ways of measuring HACCP effectiveness that are not based solely on retrospective analysis of outbreak data. 2.4 Food borne illness United Stated Food and Drug Administration (2000) found that the majority of food borne illnesses can be cause to five risk factors which included inadequate cooking, food from unsafe sources, improper holding temperatures, poor personal hygiene and contaminated equipment. Generally the causes to food borne illnesses can be divided into three distinct categories of hazards, which included biological, chemical, and physical. Educational Foundation of the National Restaurant Association (1992) defines the three categories of hazard. From the sources of Educational Foundation of the National Restaurant Association (1992), Biological hazard is defined as viruses, harmful bacteria, parasites or fungi. While for chemical hazard, Educational Foundation of the National Restaurant Association (1992) defined this term as contamination of food with food service chemicals and chemical substances containing in food. For physical hazard, is presence of foreign item that are not supposed to be a pa rt of a food product. Knight and Lendal (1989) point out some critical offences of food handling in behavioural errors and leading operation that can lead to outbreaks of food borne illnesses in food and beverage operations. The critical offences that Knight and Lendal (1989) pointed out included failure to properly cook, reheat or cool foods to proper temperatures, foods prepared in advance or more than a day before serving, raw contaminated ingredients incorporated into foods that receive no further cooking, food allowed to remain at bacteria incubation temperatures and lastly employees who practice poor personal hygiene, 2.5 Proper handling of food NHMRC (2003) said that, proper handling of food during all stages of its preparation and storage is factor in reducing the risk of food borne illness. (Redmond and Griffith, 2003) agree with this point of view and add on, a systematic review of food safety studies identified that consumer commonly implement unsafe food-handling behaviours during domestic food preparation. Jay et al. (1999) and Jevsnik et al. (2008) have done an observation research and found out that improper and infrequent hand-washing techniques are common in Australian food handlers and up to two-thirds of participants did not wash knives and cutting boards after use with raw meat and before reuse of implements and these also are the factors that cause food borne illness. There are another of research into food borne illness appears to show a difference between knowledge of correct food safety behaviours and applying this knowledge during actual behaviour. Redmond and Griffith (2003) compared studies into consumer food safety information and found that although the respondents have good knowledge in food safety, they did not apply in these food safety knowledge and behaviours in their actual operation. 6.0 Customers risk perception and purchasing behaviour Royal Society (1992) and HMSO (1995) define risk as a combination of the probability, or frequency, of occurrence of a defined hazard and the magnitude of the consequences of the occurrence. Solvic (1993) stated that, much of the publics reaction to risk could be attributed to sensitivity not only to the technical but also to the social and psychological qualities of hazards. HMSO (1995) add on that, with concern of food, people associate greater risk with circumstances and practices which they perceive are controlled by others, such as eating in restaurants, compared with situations in which they have perceived control, such as preparing and eating food at home. From the early research of Roselius and supported by Ruth M. W. Yeung (2002) stated that consumers tend to change their purchasing behaviour once a possible food hazard is perceived to reduce the perceived risk in a purchase. There are four types of purchasing behaviour, which include: stop, permanently or temporarily, the p urchase of offending product; reduce the purchase of the offending product; shift from one product to another similar type of product; or continue to purchase and absorb the unresolved risk, 2.6 Summary Nowadays, public are emphasize on food hygiene. As the report from The World Health Organization 2002, food safety is an increasingly important public health issue and inadequate food safety control was a key contributor to the 2.1 million deaths from diarrhoeal disease globally in 2000.There are many food poisoning cases happen because of poor food hygiene standards. As Kashif Hussain(2005) said, proper food hygiene results in healthful, clean, wholesome food, an orderly environment, and pleasant working conditions. Food industry and restaurant are taking important role in the proper hygiene standard. Kashif Hussain(2005) add on, food hygiene in a food service operation is the responsibility of everyone working in that establishment. Besides that, consumers have to understand the basic knowledge about food hygiene to reduce as well as prevent and the risk of food borne illness. For overall definition, food hygiene known as a practice of food safety included storage, handle, cook and present food. In order to remain the cleanliness level, some of the important steps are needed to concern. For example, the proper storage of food, maintaining kitchen cleanliness level, as well as the staff personal hygiene. Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a form of food risk assessment used as a food safety control. HACCP helps to indentify the hazards of food and reduce the risk from storage, handler, and cook and serve the food to consumer. Lastly, food borne illness is caused by conducting poor food hygiene in food industry. To prevent from food borne illness, food industries have to properly cook and handle the food. Besides that, food industries especially restaurant business must stringent requirements their staff with standard hygiene concept. CHAPTER 3 3.1 Introduction In this research, I will interview TAR colleges students in Kampar to gain their opinion toward the relationship between food hygiene and purchasing behaviour by using quantitative research method. 3.2 Research Design This research is to study the relationship between food hygiene and customers purchasing behaviours among TARC students. Quantitative survey method will be conducted because the information is more reliable. Besides that, its more convenience, and efficient which face to face survey with TAR college students about the awareness of food hygiene. 3.3 Population The respondent in this research is focus on TARC Perak Branch Campus students. 3.4 Research Instrument Questionnaire is divided into 3 sections. Section A is awareness of food hygiene, Section B is HACCP, and Section C is customers purchasing behaviour and lastly Section D is demographic. There total 15 questions on food hygiene and customers purchasing behaviour in Section B and respondents responded on a likert scale which range from strongly agree to strongly disagree. 5 questions on customers purchasing behaviour were asked in Section C and likert scale which range from strongly agree to strongly disagree is provided. For the last section is demographic which included respondents gender, age as well as education level. 3.5 Research Procedure The method that used to collect data is through face to face interview with Kampar college students. Face to face interview can make sure that the information is more accurate and reliable. The question is printed in black and white papers that allow respondents to answer the questions accordingly. Before start my survey, I will have a short brief about my title and reason of research. After that, black and white printed question paper will be given to let respondents answer the question accordingly. Using face to face method with black and white printed questionnaire can make sure that respondents can answer accordingly and respondents can ask for question when they meet some problem in answering the question. 3.6 Method of collecting Data In this research, the instrument will use black and white printed survey form to interview Kampar students. All the survey questions are printed in black and white paper form to let respondents answer the survey question accordingly. Face to face survey by using black and white printed survey form can make sure that respondents are answering the question accordingly and also can get more reliable answers. Besides that, respondents can ask any question directly from me if they face any problem while answering the survey question. Method of Analysing Data The Statistic Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) is used for data analysis. Coefficient Alpha is used to test the reliability of question, independent- sample T-test is use to test the bias of respondents and lastly Pearson Correlation method are used to test the hypothesis. CHAPTER 4 Introduction The data analysis will be conducted by using Statistic Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software to find out the result for objective and hypothesis. Research Finding: Reliability Statistic Test A study was conducted to estimate the internal consistency of the 20 items which included HACCP, Food borne illness as well as Customers purchasing behaviour. Coefficient alpha for the scale was 0.770, indicating fair internal consistency among the items on the scale. The means of individual items ranged from 1.40 to 2.30, with a mean on the total scale of 32.50 (Standard Deviation = 4.171). Overall, the respondents responses on the scale indicated that they possessed a fairly degree of HACCP, Food borne illness and Customers purchasing behaviour. Independent-sample T-test Research Question 1. Will Application of HACCP influence purchasing behaviour among Kampar students? 2. Will factor of food borne illness influence the purchasing behaviour among Kampar students? Hypothesis Null Hypothesis 1: There is no significant difference in HACCP between purchasing behaviour. Alternative Hypothesis 1: There is a significant difference in HACCP between purchasing behaviour. Null Hypothesis 2: There is no significant difference in food borne illness between purchasing behaviour. Alternative Hypothesis 2: There is a significant difference in food borne illness between purchasing behaviour. Interpretation of result Table XXX indicated that the p-value is 0.666 which is greater than 0.05, means do not reject the null hypothesis and argue there is no significant difference in HACCP. Table XXX indicated that the p-value is 0.871 which is greater than 0.05, means do not reject the null hypothesis and argue there is no significant difference in food borne illness. Table XXX indicated that the p-value is 0.682 which is greater than 0.05, means do not reject the null hypothesis and argue there is no significant difference in purchasing behaviour. The Pearson r Correlations Coefficient The correlation table XXX, indicated that the correlation between HACCP and purchasing behaviour is 0.341** with corresponding p-value of 0.015 based on 50 respondents. Since the p-value is less than 0.05, there is significant positive relation between HACCP and purchasing behaviour. There is a relationship between HACCP and purchasing behaviour, r (0.341) at p is less than 0.05. Hence, there is a relationship which affirms that the two variables are positively related to population. The coefficient of determination: r the correlation between HACCP and purchasing behaviour of the respondent = 0.341 and r ² = the coefficient of determination = (0.341) ² = 0.1163. Therefore 11.63% if the variance in HACCP of the respondent can be explained by purchasing behaviour of respondents. While for second hypothesis, there is no relationship between food borne illness and purchasing behaviour, r (0.48) since the p-value is more than 0.05. Questionnaire SECTION A: Food Hygiene Below questions are continuous question 1(a). Based on the option below, which Kampar restaurants do you think that are having high level of cleanliness/ hygiene standard? Mc Donald ( Fast Food restaurant) Seng Yip ( Economy rice restaurant) East Ocean Dong Hai ( Chinese restaurant) Ghany Corner (Mamak store) 2. What are the factors that influence you to choose the restaurant from question 1(a)? The restaurant have proper standard to cook/serve the food (eg. Serve the food with clean tray) The utilities provided are clean and safe to use The restaurant environment are clean Staffs with proper attire Their dishes are fresh and nice SECTION B: Application of HACCP Respondent is asked to indicate the extent to which they agreed or disagreed with each statement by using 5 Likert scale. 1. My perception of cleanliness level in a restaurant is based on Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Proper handling of food Food presentation Restaurant environment Utensils and equipment used in restaurant 2. Based on your experience, please rate the following statement by putting a tick (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡) in the box. Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Food hygiene (sanitation level) is a factor that influence my choice of restaurant to dine in Proper storage of food before use, washing hand before handling food and maintaining a clean environment can make sure that all foods are free of contaminants 3. The following question is asking about the factors that cause food borne illness. Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Food come from unsafe sources will cause food borne illness Inadequate cooking method will cause food borne illness Improper holding temperature will cause food borne illness Using contaminated equipment will cause food borne illness Poor personal hygiene will cause food borne illness 4. Based on your dining experience, please rate the following statement by putting a tick (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡) in the box. Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree The restaurant has standard sanitation level The restaurant food I often dine in is cooking in proper cooking method The restaurant food I often dine in is serving in proper temperature The restaurant staff s have proper attire SECTION C: Customers Behavior 1. The below questions are asking about customers behavior. Based on your experience, please rate the following statement by putting a tick (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡) in the box. Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree I will never dine in to the restaurant again if found a foreign object in my food I will never visit to the particular restaurant again if I found out that they did not poorly handle of food (eg. Serve the food which dropped on floor) I will never visit to the particular restaurant again if I found out that there is presence of pesticides I will never visit to the particular restaurant again if I found out that the utilities provided is dirty I will never visit to the particular restaurant again if my food is not serving in proper temperature (eg. Rice and dishes is cold and not fresh) SECTION D: Demographic 1. Gender Male Female 2. Age 18-21 22-24 25-27 3. Highest Level education acquire SPM Certificate Diploma Advanced Diploma Chapter 5

Amendments

There are Ten Amendments ratified to the United States Constitution. These amendments are called and known as the â€Å"Bill of Rights†. The first amendment in the Bill of Rights talks about how the freedom of establish of religion, freedom of press, freedom of assembly right to petition, freedom of speech. They all have to do with people talking free in the United States and doing what they can with this amendment. The first part talks about the freedom of religion. In these case the freedom of religion lets you be in any kind of religion you want to be in the United States. In the contrary some other countries you could not be any different from others because you can be considered an outsider or an enemy to the people of that country. In addition, freedom of religion is known to be a human right. The first amendment rights to freedom of the press guarantees me the right to read any news paper, read any magazine, or right about any story, or watch any movie without having any fear that my government would censor my right to do these things. For example, if I want to release a video on the internet containing any nudity or foul language, I have the right to do so without any censorship. The government can only regulate by putting some sort of warning label on it but can not prohibit me from doing so. Also, the freedom to assemble allows us the people to gather up for harmonious and legal purposes. Implicit within this right is the right to association and belief. In other words this amendment protects us from what we believe. For example, people can organize a parade for immigration rights, and the government would be ok with it because it falls down in legal purposes to assemble. Furthermore, people can also gather up to celebrate a â€Å"Quinsenera† without any problems because this would fall down under the peacefully assemble. Now the government may also prohibit people from associating in groups that engage and promote illegal activities. The right to petition the government for justice of grievances guarantees people the right to ask the government to provide a second chance of relief to change something wrong to a right. This petition is made my court or by any other governmental action. For example, a person gets a ticket for speeding , but he or she is more than sure that he wasn’t. That person is going to try to appeal that ticket by going to court and standing in front of a judge to try to dismiss that ticket. The right to freedom of speech allows an individual to express themselves without interference or constraint by the government. This amendment gives us the right to express what we feel. We have the symbolic and the uttered way on expressing ourselves. We don’t necessarily have to speak in order to show our emotions; we could use the symbolic method to do so. We can express it by wearing clothing that symbolizes what we feel. In the other hand we also have the most common way, which is uttered. Most people express themselves by making a speech. However, our right is also limited because the government prohibits some speech that may cause a breach of peace or may cause violence. For example, someone might make a judgment that they hate someone. But just because they hate them doesn’t mean they have to kill them.

Generalization: Black People and Young Men Essay

In daily life, you can find out man many generalization easily; such as, when you heard about crime, you immediately think of the drunken, unemployed, color people.. etc, or when you heard about Havard’s student, words describing like very smart, creative, sucess in life easily or something like that glance through your mind. In the same way, when you heard people depend on welfare, you immediately think that they are lazy, unemployed, have many children, never try to get any job and they are black people. However, do you think generalizations like above always right? Absolutely not. In my opinion, each person has each generalization, sometimes genelizations is similiar, but sometimes not. Wrong genelizations can be cause racism or unfair in life. To begin with an Gladwell’s article, because he mention generalization in one of his articles. In â€Å"Troublemakers†, Gladwell argues that generalization is not easy, you must know exactly what is going on. Because of the attacks of pitt bull, it was banned by the Ontario goverment. They said that pitt bulls is very dangerous, can bite someone without warning signs, then, they decided banned it. In the same case with pitt bull, he gave us some example about young men driver always higher charges or doctors think that midle-ages easily get heart attack. In the same article, he also gave us example about terrorism. He said terrorist in our mind is totally different in real. We don’t know how a terrorists look like; can be a Arab men, can be a young men, can be black people, can be white people, can be lady, also can be a old men. That’s why, the goverment and the police, specific is New York Police Department have trouble in sketching terrorist’s prolife. However, when NYPD use right generalization to make decrease crime in city. Back to the pitt bull, as we know, not all pitt bull are killer, moreover, dogs are good or bad also depend on owner. Most of case was attacked by pitt bull, the owner is often neglectful. However, it is still prohibited. Therefore, Gladwell said that is wrong generalization. As shown above, generalization is not always right. In a welfare statistics 2012, total government spending on welfare annually (not including food stamps or unemployment): $131. 9 billion. This number is increasing every year. Besides, the global economics downturn, this number is very serious. That’s why, most of americans don’t like people who depend on welfare too much. Americans thought that it was one of cause badly affecting in life today. In the same statistic was shown above, percent of recipients who are black: 39. 8 %, this’s highest percent. Next, base on those numbers, you are thinking that black people depend on goverment so much and they seem never try to getting job. Moreover, most of drunken and crime you can see everyday on the street are also black. In the same case, when you go to department of welfare center, you can easily realize that the number of black people is more than all. Now, you begin to default on your thinking that black people are lazy, drunken, crime and depend on welfare so much. Meanwhile, how we know they never try to find a job or try to do something? We don’t know. We also don’t know what is going on their life. They can really have more troubles than white, because of the racism. I have a small story, that’s observation. I’m living Northeast Phillies. Oneday, when I was from home to school, I saw some homeless man on the way to school, I counted five people and in which just have one black people. Now, where is problem? I know, this’s just small story and it can’t generalize anything obvious. However, I think it enough for we look back at own conclusion. Fact that blacks depend on welfare more than others, don’t they? When we heard about black people, we immediately think of crime, drunken†¦ And, thinking made us don’t want to hire them. Clearly, they’ll unemployed. Next, they must depend on welfare to maintain life. Things like a circle and has no end. Until we change our thinking about them and giving them more opportunities, they are still depend on welfare. Not all black people depend on welfare, also not all pitt bull are killers. Finally, genaralization is really important and need shrewdness. You must observation everything what is happening around problems. Because a wrong genaralization can can lead to unnecessary mistakes.

A Strategy For Modeling Salton Sea Basin Future Climate...

Results: A Strategy For Modeling Salton Sea Basin Future Climate Scenarios Based On Relationships Between Evapotranspiration And Precipitation A comparison of the averaged weather station datasets versus the historic individual weather station datasets was made for both precipitation and Eto. The averaged monthly dataset preserved seasonality for both precipitation and Eto as illustrated in the figures. Notably, for the months of February, March, and April, the average monthly precipitation volume was lower than the actual weather station historic data. This occurred for two reasons: 1) the disparity in the number of observations between the two weather station datasets and the average resulting in the largest number of observations†¦show more content†¦The results of the two test statistics differed at times, i.e., listing two different curves as providing the â€Å"best† fit. In the fore-mentioned situation, a final decision pertaining to the â€Å"best† fit was made based on a visual assessment of the figures. Precipitation Events and Eto Levels The importance of using monthly data instead of annual data for the Salton Sea Basin. Further, the two models: (1) (Logit Y1,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12) Month = Constant + X1 Prcp, and (2) (Logit Y1,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12) Month = Constant + X1 Eto, established that some months were significantly different than others concerning the amounts of precipitation and Eto, respectively. The relationships between the duration of precipitation events (‘CatEvent’) on the volume of precipitation (‘PrcpAmt’ and ‘CatVol’), and also on Eto volumes. A plot of the precipitation and Eto observations, percentage or percentage of observations of a given magnitude, respectively, by month was also made. The negative relationship between precipitation and Eto was tested statistically using two multinomial logistic regression models and one binomial logistic regression model, respectively: (3) (Logit Y0,...4) PrcpAmt = Constant + X1 Eto, (4) (Logit Y0,†¦.5) CatEvent = Constant + X1 Eto, and (5) (Logit Y0,1) RainEvent = Constant + X1 Eto. The