Robert Peel Nine Principles

Robert Peel Nine Principles Free Online Research Papers Before 1829, law enforcement was normally handled by regular people who volunteered, sheriffs, constables and night watchmen. They were an informal unorganized group who were trying to solve crime without some type of organized charter. Robert Peel, Home Secretary in the British Cabinet, recognized some of the problems with this informal group and suggested solutions to the problem, community policing. Peel believed that prevention of crime could be done without invading the lives of society. (Gaines) Peel established nine principles to his theory of policing. This paper will show the connection between Peel’s nine principles and its connection to modern day policing, compare and contrast the differences between Peels model and American policing model. The first principle states that the basic reason for having a police force is to prevent crime and disorder. (Cole) Peel established the police, also known as Bobbies, and the introduction of beats were performed by Bobbies. Law enforcement today are still carrying out the first principle, as law enforcement agencies still patrol neighborhoods trying to prevent crime. In the beginning patrol was done on feet until the invention of automobiles. With the invention of the automobile, patrols became more effective and gave officers more area to cover in a shorter time frame. In the community I live in, there are regular police patrols all day and night. The community also has monthly meetings with the patrol officer once a month. This is a perfect example of Peels first principle. Peel’s second and third principle deals with public respect and cooperation. It says police must have public approval to be effective and the police must secure the willing cooperation of the public to obey the law in order to have respect of the public. (Cole) In the United States, our society is so diverse that it is necessary for police to understand the different cultures that make up the neighborhoods that they patrol. This can be done through cultural diversity training and education. With community policing the officers will take a more community involvement stance. No longer does an officer sit in his patrol car and wait for a call that a crime has happened. Within this type of policing, the officers will have a zone in which to work in during their shifts. This is their area and they will work to get to know the citizens of the community and help out in any way they can. The officers will make their presence known and also rely on community citizens to report any suspicious behavior or tips on criminals in the area. (Gaines) This method takes a lot of trust on the officers part as well as the citizens part. They will have to trust each other and know that each other is looking out for them. Many citizens have stated to several agencies that when they know the officers they start to view them as part of their family and are willing to look out for their officers and help keep them safe. (Gaines) Peels fourth, fifth and six principle deals with the use of police physical force. It States the degree of cooperation from the public declines with the use of force; observe impartial service to the law; and police must use physical force only after using all other means to obtain compliance. (Cole) In today’s society excessive force has been a public concern and the first sign of neighborhood mistrust in police. It is very important that police have the help of the public in order to perform their duties effectively. Gaining the trust of a neighborhood takes time and only one incident to lose that trust. When people have no respect for police officers, they will ignore the demands of police officers. By law, the police have the right to use legitimate force if necessary to make an arrest, maintain order, or keep the peace. Gaines) Just how much force is appropriate under various circumstances can be debatable. When an officer uses excessive force, he or she violates the law. Jerome Skolnick and James Fyfe define police brutality as a conscious and deliberate action that a police officer undertakes toward suspects who are usually members of a powerless social group (for example, racial minorities or homosexuals). Gaines) most brutality is directed against minority groups or otherwise powerless populations. Officers who engage in brutality rationalize their use of extralegal force; they claim they are punishing those groups that threaten to disrupt the social order. (Sigel) The importance of understanding racism in the context of police brutality cannot be underestimated. Many police automatically regard racial minority group members as potentially dangerous regardless of their particular activities, gestures, or attire. This perception of racial minority citizens as â€Å"trouble† sometimes translates into racially discriminatory police behavior. (Sigel) Robert Peel last three principles deals with securing the welfare of the public; enforcing laws and not having the right to punish; and the measure of police effectiveness. (Cole) Every person and organization has the right to have police protection regardless if the person is guilty or innocence. When the KKK has marches, the police are always there for their protection regardless of what their beliefs may be. When taking an oath to serve and protect, police officers promise to preserve the dignity and respect the rights of all individuals, and to act with honesty, courtesy and regard for the welfare of others. (Gaines) Unfortunately, this pledge sometimes puts officers at the homes of people they dont particularly care for, people who are less than truthful, people who may even be guilty of unspeakable acts and situations that may go against their beliefs. But this oath requires officers to serve and protect, even when their heart isnt necessarily in it. Is community policing effective? Many chiefs of police and mayors credit community policing with lowering crime rates. They claim that community policing has restored order in neighborhoods where once open-air drug markets thrived and gangs hung out. (Grieve) New York City is a prime example. The zero tolerance policy, which has been given a showcase in New York City, holds that no crime- not the breaking of a window, not the jumping of a turnstile, not drinking in public- is too insignificant to capture the swift, decisive attention of the police. (Bohm) Arrest more petty offenders and make more arrests for petty offenses today, go the reasoning, and you will have fewer hard-core criminals tomorrow. Under Mayor Rudolph Giuliani, the NYPD returned to a policy of proactive policing, frisking more than 45,000 suspects for guns and other weapons in 1997 and 1998. (Sigel) According to police officials, New Yorkers are getting results that range from fewer panhandlers to fewer shootings and murders. (Sigel) Some critics will argue that community policing does not prevent crime. No one knows what community policing is, according to criminal justice professor Carl Klockars. (Bohm) Even though a majority of police departments in America claim to be doing community policing, the differences between the actual operations may be significant. Community policing as it is organized in New York is different from its practice in Chicago, Washington, and Philadelphia. The lack of precision in defining community policing makes it impossible to say with any certainty that community policing is causing crime rates to decrease. (Grieve) The evidence from particular communities used to demonstrate that community policing reduces crime is suspect. By appealing to anecdotal evidence to support the claim that community policing reduces crime, proponents make a hasty generalization on the basis of a very few and possibly unrepresentative cases. (Gaines) There are differences as well as similarities to Peels model and the American model. Americans selectively incorporated parts of the London model. They adopted the approach of crime prevention through patrol and organized police agencies along military lines. (Gaines) But the London Metropolitan Police were too elitist for Americans. Whereas the British made their new police an agency of the national government, Americans opted for a more democratic police. Americans were given a much more direct voice in police administration than the British. (Grieve) Power and authority were highly centralized in the London police, and the police department was insulated from political influence. Unlike the London police, American police departments were decentralized with political leaders in wards and neighborhoods exerting power over police recruitment, policies, and practices. The evolution of modern day policing has had many failed attempts and false starts since the early Nineteenth Century and Peel’s principles. Community policing involves and is certainly justified as necessary by Peels Principles. Established in 1829, The Principles currently are applicable and used in law enforcement agencies and community policing organizations today. Though they are not officially declared a code of ethics, they are indeed based on required ethical behavior of law enforcement and the public. (Grieve) Although there are some critics who do not agree with community policing, it seems to work for my neighborhood and the community really like the involvement of the police. Research Papers on Robert Peel Nine PrinciplesThe Effects of Illegal Immigration19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceHip-Hop is ArtEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenDefinition of Export QuotasRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andBringing Democracy to Africa

Simple Établir (to Establish) Conjugations in French

Simple Établir (to Establish) Conjugations in French The French verb  Ãƒ ©tablir  means to establish. This is a relatively easy one to remember because it resembles the English word and the conjugations arent terribly difficult, either. Conjugating the French Verb Établir Verb conjugations are required when we want to change the tense. In English, we add -ed or -ing to do this, but its more complex in French. Thats because theres a new verb ending for ​every subject pronoun as well as every tense. Établir  is a  regular -IR verb  and it follows the verb conjugation rules of similar verbs like  convertir  (to convert),  chà ©rir  (to cherish), and many others. This makes learning each new verb a little easier than the last. To conjugate these verbs, we must first recognize the verb stem. For  Ãƒ ©tablir, that is  Ãƒ ©tabl-.  Then we need to add the appropriate ending. For instance, I establish is jà ©tablis and we will establish is nous à ©tablirons. Subject Present Future Imperfect j tablis tablirai tablissais tu tablis tabliras tablissais il tablit tablira tablissait nous tablissons tablirons tablissions vous tablissez tablirez tablissiez ils tablissent tabliront tablissaient The Present Participle of Établir Adding -ant  to the verb stem of  Ãƒ ©tablir  creates the  present participle  of  Ãƒ ©tablissant. This is a verb, yet it can also be used as an adjective, gerund, or noun in certain circumstances. The Past Participle and Passà © Composà © The past tense established can be formed using either the imperfect or the  passà © composà ©. To construct the latter, begin with the subject pronoun, conjugate the  auxiliary verb  avoir  to match it, then add the past participle  Ãƒ ©tabli. It comes together quickly: I established is jai à ©tabli and we established is nous avons à ©tabli. You will notice that  ai  and  avons  are conjugates of  avoir  and that the past participle does not change. Apply these rules to other subjects as well. More Simple Établir  Conjugations Practicing all of the above forms of  Ãƒ ©tablir  should be the focus of your studies at first. When youre comfortable with those, consider adding the following to your vocabulary.  Even if you dont use them personally, its important to be able to recognize these and associate them with  Ãƒ ©tablir. When the act of establishing has some question or uncertainty to it, the subjunctive form or the conditional verb can be used. Its likely that you will only encounter the passà © simple and imperfect subjunctive in formal writing.   Subject Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive j tablisse tablirais tablis tablisse tu tablisses tablirais tablis tablisses il tablisse tablirait tablit tablt nous tablissions tablirions tablmes tablissions vous tablissiez tabliriez tabltes tablissiez ils tablissent tabliriez tablirent tablissent For short statements that directly request or demand something to be established, use the imperative verb form. When doing so, the subject pronoun is not required: use à ©tablis rather than tu à ©tablis. Imperative (tu) tablis (nous) tablissons (vous) tablissez

Hexin Toy Co. Ltd Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Hexin Toy Co. Ltd - Case Study Example Selling concept go through in this cycle, that is product to selling & promotion to profit through sales volume. Selling concept was characterized by a heavy reliance on promotional activity to sell the products, the firm wanted to make. The selling stage, unfortunately overly aggressive selling the "the hard sell"--- & unscrupulous tactics was also involved at a stage. 1.3 Product concept: The product concept holds that consumers will favor those products that offer the most quality, performance, or innovative features. Product also included persons, places, organization &ideas. As example; IBM PC they offer faster system, touch stone screen, ms dos operating system, first 3.5 inch floppy drive, 30%wholesale 40% margin, Hewlett- Packard discovers. This concept very the importance of product & the consumers needs & wants. Marketing Concept: The marketing concept is a simple but very important idea. The marketing concept means that an organization aims all its efforts at satisfying its customer -at a profit. Marketing concepts constitutes with four essential elements. Such as understanding customer's need, target market, profitability and above all integrated. Marketing concepts guides the whole company effort through developing long and short term marketing plan. 1.5 Societal Marketing Concept: The societal marketing concept holds that the organization's task is to determine the needs, wants, and interests of target markets and to deliver the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than competitors in a way that preserves or enhances the consumer's and the society's well-being. The societal marketing concept calls upon marketers to build social and ethical considerations into their marketing practices.... The product concept holds that consumers will favor those products that offer the most quality, performance, or innovative features. The product also included persons, places, organization &ideas. As an example; IBM PC they offer faster system, touchstone screen, ms-dos operating system, first 3.5-inch floppy drive, 30%wholesale 40% margin, Hewlett- Packard discovers. This concept very the importance of product & the consumer's needs & wants. Marketing Concept: The marketing concept is a simple but very important idea. The marketing concept means that an organization aims all its efforts at satisfying its customer –at a profit. Marketing concepts constitute with four essential elements. Such as understanding customer’s need, target market, profitability and above all integrated.1.5 Societal Marketing Concept: The societal marketing concept holds that the organization’s task is to determine the needs, wants, and interests of target markets and to deliver the desir ed satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than competitors in a way that preserves or enhances the consumer’s and the society’s well-being.The societal marketing concept calls upon marketers to build social and ethical considerations into their marketing practices. They must balance and juggle the often-conflicting criteria of company profits, the consumer wants satisfaction, and public interest yet a number of companies have achieved notable sales and profit gains by adopting and practicing the societal marketing concept.

Apple and Phinnacus Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Apple and Phinnacus - Assignment Example This makes the decision to name someone an extremely important step in their life. Parents have become interested in baby names ever since important Hollywood people started naming their babies strange names. This means that Korwitt’s business is not customer driven, but rather the customers are the driving force behind the industry. All Korwitt did was to observe the behavior of modern day parents and respond to a pre- existing need. Her business is reactive to market behavior rather than being proactive and introducing the idea to the market herself. 2) Korwitt’s target market is parents who feel stressed about finding the perfect names for their children. Because Korwitt’s book costs $399, only wealthy parents can afford to pay for it. There may be people from lower classes who want help in choosing a name, but they cannot afford to pay the same amount. Since most fathers are probably out working to support their families, Korwitt’s book is more for women who are stay-at-home moms. These mothers possibly already have children of their own or are about to have a child. These parents likely spend a lot of time watching daytime television talk shows, which is why Korwitt makes television appearances to appeal to these mothers. These particular parents may also be â€Å"entertainment freaks† and keep up with all the latest gossip from Hollywood. If one of their favorite celebrities names their child a strange name, then these parents are more likely to want to do the same for their children. In this case , Hollywood celebrities are doing most of the advertising for Korwitt and she only has to wait for customers to come to her. 3) Because this is a growth industry, Korwitt should worry about new market entrants that offer the same services for cheaper prices. Many new websites are cropping up all the time. This represents a danger for her business. Because only wealthy people can afford her services,

The representation of men in The Jeremy Kyle show and The Maury Show Essay Example for Free

The representation of men in The Jeremy Kyle show and The Maury Show Essay I am going to look into the presentation of men, focusing mainly on the representations that are portrayed in chat shows. My sources of research are going to be Television shows in particular, but also the Internet and Books. I have chosen two Television shows that I am going to look at closely, these are The Jeremy Kyle Show and Maury. I have decided that this is the best possible way of being able to look at the actions, thoughts and representations of men because of the wide range of information that I will be able to collect. I am expecting to find that men are presented in a negative light compared to women and that they are rude, arrogant and do not care about what is going on within the world around them this is mainly due to the stereotypical view presented within other media. The two chat shows both present men in away that suggests to the audience that men are unreliable, untrustworthy and uncaring. First impressions of men are that they are untidy wearing messy clothing, appearing not to have made an effort, they walk onto the stage as if they have done no wrong doing and hold their heads up high. The presenters of the shows soon allow the audience to know that this is not the right image and attitude to have. Jeremy Kyle and Maury both show this, Jeremy states this is all very sad and wrong directing this at the Nathan the main male in the problem, the audience are shown to already have been feeling such emotions. The host is always seen to support the women within the situation, who also always seem to come out on top. Jeremy Kyle and Maury both use different tactics when presenting their shows, while Jeremy takes a hands on approach with his contestants, speaking to them, asking questions and making resolutions, Maury does the opposite and stands back and lets the guests make the drama and introducing the topic and problems, keeping adding detail. The Maury show links very well to The Jerry Springer Show in the way the show is laid out. They have sets of guests, one person coming out first to reveal their side of the story- this is usually the stories that the audience believe and stick too. This is also usually normally the guest who is actually telling the truth and has requested to appear on the show, this guest tends to be female. Dyer (1982) said that 1 women are shown as very feminine and men in situations of authority and dominance over women within the media, this is much apparent within the Jeremy Kyle Show with one particular couple, in which the man (Nathan) goes out to work and leaves his girlfriend (Zels) at home with their child with a weekly allowance for herself, she is expected to be the perfect housewife cooking, cleaning and providing a loving relationship. Through this authority and dominance, the men presented within the shows are presented as liars and cheaters, Brendan tells different stories to different women and he also contradicts himself in the show. He explains one point to the host and later on then changes his story. In the Maury show there is not usually shown to be a family setting, however when one does appear, the women/mother/wife is left at home to look after the home, child and husband whilst the male figure goes out to work and earns the money this is shown within Brians story. Both shows link together very well with each other on the matter of men and women and their roles that they present within the home. The roles presented by the guests are very traditional where the man is shown to be the breadwinner and the women is the house wife. Relationships in the family are very important, and one that is brought up a lot within the two chat shows. Jeremy Kyle believes that the family is a very important factor of life, proper relationships which men and women should have with their children2 is what Jeremy is trying to promote. When he is faced with a guest who doesnt shares his opinions in a very round about way. Brendan lies to all of his family members, keeping secrets from his first family and his second. Brendan stays back stage the majority of the show; he doesnt wish to sit with his children and would rather stay out of the lime light. Within the Maury show a nuclear family is not recognized and Maury doesnt present the ideal family life, he doesnt particularly present his own views and feelings, this allows him to take a back seat within his show and let the guests discuss and present their own opinions, this creates more drama for the audience because they are able to present their own feelings without knowing i f they are right or wrong. This is shown with Thomass story (on the Maury show), he is the father of Mels baby but he refuses this responsibility, he cheats on his girlfriend with her best friends and leaves his girlfriend with their new born child. He doesnt wish to take care of his baby as it is not convenient within his new life style. Brendan on the Jeremy kyle show, is faced with a dilemma when it is stated his child was in hospital and he didnt even visit her. Jeremy is angry about this and also the audience doesnt take kindly to this act, he is received with booing. This sets the way that men are suppose to act and the way that we like to receive men. Other family situations are shown within this episode of The Jeremy Kyle Show such as the relationships between brothers. Brendans brother Antony is within the audience and supports his brother with whatever he says. Jeremy and the audience try and control Antony due to his choice of language made. The Jeremy Kyle Show and The Maury show both present different representations of family life. Jeremy Kyle tries to present that family life should be a mother and father taking care of their children whilst Maury doesnt directly present any ideas. However Maury does submit the idea of disproval in men who do not take care of their children. These ideas and differences are due to they way the hosts of the shows present the men on the shows. Jeremy Kyle is more involved and likes to voice his opinion of what he thinks is right and wrong, where as Maury lets the guests do the talking. Men are shown as not knowing how to behave within their family situations. They are shown to need extra help with these situations. Masculinity has long been and often been represented as the human norm and conventionally masculine qualities3. Masculinity has many representational conventions; these conventions give an audience the ability to recognize the manly character. Within the Jeremy Kyle show the masculine man is always represented as wrong and in the wrong doing the acts that are presented by the masculine characteristics, this in facts give men a tremendous negative representation, such as, as soon as Brendan comes out onto the shown he is greeted with booing, the audience this way allow the guest to know that what he is doing is wrong and that the masculine acts that they portray are not ones that are received well. Within the Maury show, men are shown as doing the wrong however in a different kind of way than the Jeremy Kyle Show the men are always proven wrong and in the end try and fix their wrong doings with right doings however sometimes it is too late. They dont take responsibility when it is truly needed and the men act young and foolish. The two shows allow the audience to link the male roles to Robert Hanks, models of masculinity, the hegemonic male is always presented usually within the guests, and this male is powerful, ruthless and often subjugates others. The conservative male can be recognized within the host, he is more sensitive and open to feelings; however he is domestic and can still be presented as powerful. The last male we see within Hanks roles is the conservative male, this character type does not make a regular appearance within the show and could be seen to be someone within the audience this person is seen as weak and is often applied to homosexuality. There is a big relation between men and sex within the chat shows, and most of the topics are created due to sexual desires and actions. Fiske said that male behavior towards females is influenced by highly sexualized images of women4, this is shown by the way men treat women when they have been sexual involved with them. Jeremy Kyle presents on his show a big front about using protection and within his autobiography wonders How im not the poster boy for Durex, Ill never know5, so when Nathan is accused of having a Secret second family, his girlfriend realizes the relationship was based on sex and now that it is more than that Nathan no longer wants to be within the relationship after having a child with his girlfriend and being pushed with responsibility Jeremy Kyle produces the question Why didnt you slip something on the end of it. With all of his guests Kyle pushes the subject of contraception and pushes forward for all to use it to stop all of the unwanted pregnancies and children. Whilst on the show Nathan also admits that he has had three affairs, one being in a brothel with a prostitute. This greeted with a highly negative representation from the audience and the host. This pushes the view onto the audience and allows the audience to know that these actions are very wrong and those men behaving wrongly in their sexual relations, having sex outside of a loving relationship and sometimes cheating. This gives the audience the view that men are always in the wrong doing compared to the actions womens present. Men and Sex on the Maury show is always and issue, the man usually believes he isnt getting enough or that it is not good enough. This is shown within Desmonds story he is married with three children in this relationship, however he also has two girlfriends with a child each, he doesnt see this as a problem as he believes he is being sexually full-filled by the three. Thinking about sexual relationships first pushes his children down the line and he doesnt look after them as well as he could be due to wanting to be with different girls on different occasions. Comparing men and women within the Jeremy Kyle Show is very easy to do. The women who appear on the show are mostly shown as right and having been presented with a wrong doing from a man. However there is some variation within the show. Kels admits to being violent towards Nathan on a regular and basis and he admits that he is the same towards her, this still shows Nathan in a very bad light but also brings a women down to his level also, from these variations it does slightly improve the representations that are painted of men. On the Maury show it is slightly harder to do so. The women sometime act with violent behavior towards the men when they do not want to hear something that they say or that is revealed to them, however the men always react and tend to portray these violent acts also. Men are however always seen in the wrong and need to apologize to the women. Altogether through out both shows men are represented within a negative light they act with masculine representations and continue to show men in a bad way. The way the hosts act on the show however boosts the representations of men, however these issues can link to the class status of the men showing that lower class men who tend to be guests are always within the wrong and middle/upper class men who are the hosts always tend to be in the right knowing what they are talking about and knowing that they have to answers to the guests. This is shown within an article by Barbara Ehrenreich, she states that Members of the white working classes are portrayed as dumb and inarticulate. Such stereotypes serve to silence the voice of the working class in the media. and she also points out that It is also possible that the privileged class and corporations who own the media outlets are pursing their own social and political agenda.6 The audience is in-between as they are shown to carry on the thoughts that are presented to them by the hosts of the shows, which allow them to take away who is right and wrong and how you should behave in the real world. Men within the two shows are not always presented in a good light, with my in depth research I found what I expected to find from my research that men are presented in a negative light compared to women and that they are rude, arrogant and do not care about what is going on within the world around them this is mainly due to the stereotypical view presented within other media. I think this is to do with many of items, such as how the audience is positioned and what the producers of the show want us to understand from the show. However there are some differences in what I thought I would find, I dont think men are always in the wrong and sometimes women are presented within the negative light that men are. This allows the audience to understand that there is some good in men and that it is more about the person you are instead of if you are male or female. ` Bibliography Kyle, Jeremy. Im only being honest Hodder Stoughton 2009. Lacey, Nick, Image and Representation (key concepts in media studies),Palgrave Macmillan 2009 Oakley, Ann., Sex, Gender Society Gower Publishing Company Limited 1985 Tincknell, Estella, Mediating the family- Gender,Culture and Representation Hodder Education 2005. Tripp, Anna, Gender, Palgrave 2000 http://womensissues.about.com/od/intheworkplace/a/MenObjects.htm Accessed on 10.10.11 www.iwmf.org www.media-awareness.ca/english/index.cfm http://www.workingclasspride.com/14.html Accessed on 3/12/11 1Lacey, Nick, Image and Representation (key concepts in media studies),Palgrave Macmillan 2009. Page 192 2Tincknell, Estella, Mediating the family- Gender,Culture and Representation Hodder Education 2005. page 55 3 Tripp, Anna, Gender, Palgrave 2000 page 11 4 http://womensissues.about.com/od/intheworkplace/a/MenObjects.htm accessed 18/10/11 5 Kyle, Jeremy. Im only being honest Hodder Stoughton 2009 page 169 6- http://www.workingclasspride.com/14.html accessed 3/12/11

Wollstonecrafts A Vindication of the Rights of Women Essay -- Gender

A woman’s job is to cook, clean, and bear children. Although it may not remain true now, many thought this for most of history. A woman had her duty to her husband and that served as almost all of her worth. During the Enlightenment, some women began to question this norm and to voice their unhappiness. The Enlightenment period was an intellectual movement that sought to reform society and advance knowledge (â€Å"Age of Enlightenment†). Even with all of the Enlightenment’s great advancements, women still did not possess many rights. Women continued to be â€Å"oppressed and kept to the private sphere,† separated from men (â€Å"Women in the Enlightenment†). Few women challenged these social norms, but a few existed such as Mary Wollstonecraft. Wollstonecraft changed European thought on women through the writing of her essay â€Å"A Vindication of the Rights of Women.† Her essay proposed controversial ideas on a womanâ€⠄¢s position as a wife, right to education, and rights in society. During the Enlightenment, a pamphlet war began called the Revolution Controversy. Edmund Burke started the Revolution Controversy when he published an essay that sparked debate over the French Revolution. After the publication, many authors such as Wollstonecraft responded and disagreed with Burke’s views. Wollstonecraft’s response was titled â€Å"A Vindication of the Rights of Men† (â€Å"Revolution Controversy†). Two years later, she also responded to Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Pà ©rigord’s report to the National Assembly of France. His report stated that women â€Å"should only receive a domestic education† (â€Å"A Vindication†). Wollstonecraft became infuriated at this claim and quickly began to write her essay â€Å"The Vindication of the Rights of Women.† She set out... ...pedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., 11 Oct. 2011. Web. 20 Oct. 2011. . "Timeline of Women's Rights (other than Voting)." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., 7 Oct. 2011. Web. 17 Oct. 2011. wiki/Timeline_of_women's_rights_(other_than_voting)>. Van Doren, Charles. A History of Knowledge: Past, Present, and Future. New York, NY: Ballantine, 1991. Print. Wollstonecraft, Mary. The Vindication of the Rights of Women. Boston: Peter Edes, 1792. Bartleby.com: Great Books Online. Bartleby Books, 1999. Web. 16 Oct. 2011. www.bartleby.com/144/>. "Women in the Enlightenment." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., 17 Nov. 2011. Web. 21 Nov. 2011. Enlightenment>.

Personal

The Committee on Admission is interested in getting to know each candidate as well as possible through the application process. The following essay question is designed to demonstrate your writing skills and facilitate our full appreciation of who you are. The quality of Rice’s academic life and the Residential College System is heavily influenced by the unique life experiences and cultural traditions each student brings. What perspective do you feel that you will contribute to life at Rice? (Most applicants are able to respond successfully in two to three double-spaced pages. In everything I do, I try to reach out to people. My connection with others is what drives me. I like to observe people, to get to know people, to show people who I am. I think that what moves many people (myself included) is the idea that we are all alike. There is a quote from the French film The Diving Bell and the Butterfly which resonates with me: â€Å"We're all children, we all need approval. â⠂¬  This quote shows that we are driven by similar hopes, emotions, and experiences and we can come together to achieve great things.This perspective has allowed me to connect with classmates, strangers, and family in my experiences as the school’s Social Services prefect, as a volunteer at North York General Hospital, and as a granddaughter in a large family. The Diving Bell ; the Butterfly is a beautiful film about a once-successful editor of Elle magazine, Jean-Dominique Bauby, who becomes imprisoned in his own body after a massive stroke. He is completely paralyzed and cannot speak. In one instant, his entire life is taken from him. It moved me to see his despair, vulnerability, and lack of hope; his life which was once so full seemed empty and desolate now.He couldn’t truly live. As someone who loves life, I was brought to tears by the consequences of his stroke. It was ironic, unexpected, unfair, and heartbreaking. Despite this, Jean-Do is able to get through it all. At a defining moment in the film, he says, â€Å"I decided to stop pitying myself. Other than my eye, two things aren't paralyzed, my imagination and my memory. † It was uplifting to see that this man, who seemingly has nothing, could still have hope. I was deeply inspired by his perseverance; he showed that life is really about having imagination and letting go of material concerns which limit us.In October 2008, I experienced the most stressful week of the entire school year as the Social Services Prefect: United Way Week. As I began the daunting planning and preparation, I felt there was something lacking despite the strong annual tradition of United Way Week. As the years had progressed, students were falling into a routine and typical events were becoming stale. To address a problem that I saw in my community, I did not merely â€Å"party-plan† by resorting to the usual events. I aimed to be strategic by introducing new events. I knew that new events would d raw more interest and unite the student body.However, I also recognized that I could not plan an entire campaign alone. I brought my ideas for change to the Prefect team as well as my peers. I asked them what they would like to see, what kinds of activities they would be excited for. I then mapped out a schedule and delegated jobs. For instance, one new event this year was a competition between my school’s Prefects and our brother school’s Stewards: five from each school in one face-off. As each Prefect and Steward challenged each other one on one, five previously outlined tasks (rap, tell a joke, or dance) were announced and completed impromptu.In implementing these new activities, I was taking a big risk. I couldn’t predict how the students would react or how much we could raise. In the end, our initiatives succeeded in creating substantial change to an established campaign, raising over $12,000 for United Way. Helping others is in my nature. I hate suffering and injustice. Most of all, I am someone of action; if there is something that needs to be done, I will do it. When I help others, I know that I am changing their lives but I also recognize that they give me something as well; I first experienced this as a volunteer at North York General Hospital.In December 2007, a father ran in to the Emergency ward frantically asking for some help. His daughter, who had been skiing that day, injured herself by slipping on the hill. Lying in the van, she was in great pain but could not move. The father needed help in getting his daughter into waiting area. I first looked to Security but they were on patrol and the nurses were occupied helping other patients. I found myself in a difficult situation but I went outside with this father to see what I could do. I brought a wheelchair, hoping the young girl could slide from the car into the chair.However, she was unable to sit without being in severe pain. So we decided to pull her out, supporting her e ntire body. Her father, brother, and I lifted her up in a horizontal position out of the car. We set her down on her feet while continually offering support with our shoulders. Her cries were distressing but there was no other way to transport her in. Finally, when we were inside, I found a line of chairs on which she could lie down. Afterwards, I told her father how to register and what would happen next. Immediately, her father thanked me for being there. At first I had felt helpless that I couldn’t do more.I couldn’t stop his daughter’s pain. I couldn’t fast-forward the registration line. But I soon saw that the help that I could offer, the instructions and information that I had, and the humanity I showed, gave them a small comfort amidst the chaos. My experiences volunteering at the hospital showed me that suffering exists and though I may be unable to fix it, I alleviate the situation by doing what is in my power to do. In my family, loyalty is extr emely important. Spending time with family is an unquestionable responsibility for all of us: we are there for each other.Ever since I arrived in Canada as a 4-year old girl, I have been attending my grandmother’s birthday dinners each year in October. I can remember entering the traditional red and gold restaurant as a young child. Before I did anything else, my mother instructed me first to wish my grandmother a happy birthday and a lucky and long life, both of which are traditional Chinese phrases, and then kiss her once on both cheeks. As a child in elementary school, I barely understood the significance of the repetition of those phrases.Throughout my grandmother’s celebratory dinner, I occupied myself with Nintendo Games or hand games with my cousins. At the end of each dinner came the Chinese fruitcake. I always had to have the slice with a strawberry on top. By the end of the dinner, I hardly realized that I had barely spoken to my grandmother. Reflecting back on those times, I now have a bigger comprehension of the importance of family. I see how my grandmother loved to hear those phrases I said to her and how much it meant to her. Now as a teenager entering university, I long to say so much more.I want to update her on my school work or my friends or my dreams. I see the duty I have as a granddaughter, daughter, and sister in a family: to respect the bond that we are born with, to support my relatives because I know that I will always have my family to fall back on. Another form of expression that I value is in the music I listen to. If I have had a tough day, I put on my â€Å"Soothing Playlist†. In it is one of my favourite songs, â€Å"A Better Son/Daughter† by Rilo Kiley. The cerebral lyrics describe the difficulties that we all go through: you’ll be positive though it hurts / and you’ll laugh and embrace all your friends.I can relate to these lyrics because sometimes the commitments I take on overwhelm m e. During chaotic and stressful times, it is difficult to keep on top of everything. But I always keep at it because this is what I truly love to do. Going to dance club, singing in choir, researching in a lab: all of these things allow me to explore my interests and enjoy myself, helping me to grow as a person. It is only realistic to recognize that some days are harder than others. Nobody is perfect. This song and many others on my playlist encourage me to push through because I’ll be stronger for it.My desire for growth always involves reaching out to others: showing loyalty to friends and family; offering my support as a volunteer at the hospital; using the unity of my school to raise money that goes to a greater cause. My great ambitions are achieved by supporting and relying on others. I value family, perseverance, morals and I am a confident, ambitious, leader with a need for a strong community. This is what I will bring to Rice’s academic life and residence; I hope to connect with my peers and mentors in order to grow and achieve my goals.

Functions of Secondary Market

Functions of Secondary Market: The secondary market provides an organized place and the mechanism for trading in securities. They also ensure that the deals struck in the stock are fair and within the framework of law. The efficient functioning of the stock exchange creates a conductive climate for an active and growing primary market for new issues. An active and healthy secondary market in existing securities leads to better psychology of expectations; considerable broadening of investment enquiries renders the task of raising resources by entrepreneurs easier.Good performance and outlook for equities in the stock exchanges imparts buoyancy to the new issue market. The good stock exchange facilities the following important activities in the economy of a country: i. Favorable climate for growth of primary market ii. Widening of investment opportunities for the investor iii. Improving availability of resources for the business enterprises iv. Buoyancy in new issues v. Increasing conf idence among the players of the market Important functions 1.Provide a continuous market: It is the important objective of the secondary market to ensure stability in price as the trading activity progresses. The stock market achieves this aim by providing a continuous market infrastructure to the investor, thereby ensuring liquidity in the market. Some important characteristics of a continuous market are: i. Frequency of trades; ii. Small spread between bid and ask prices; iii. Immediate execution of order; iv. Change in price being minimum as the transaction takes place; The enefits of continuous market are that it creates marketable liquid investments and facilitates collateral lending. 2. Frequency of sales: A market will be liquid only when a buyer/ seller can find seller/buyer. If there are no buyers/sellers for some securities or there is long wait before a buyer/ seller can find counterparty, such market are called illiquid markets. The primary criterion for a good market is whether investors can sell their portfolio holding quickly with minimal price fluctuation at the time of sale.Liquidity occupies a central place in evaluating the efficiency of exchange. The market should have three important dimensions of liquidity. They are: i. Depth ii. Breadth iii. Resilience Depth refers to the situation wherein buy and sell orders are available at the quoted price for the desired quantity. If it is not available, then the market is termed as shallow market. The number of the transaction or the number of orders determines the breadth of the market. Otherwise the market is known as thin.The response to orders to changes in price reflects the resilience of the market. 3. Empirical measurement of liquidity: Empirically, liquidity is measured by the number of days a company’s share is traded, out of the number of days in the year, when the market is open. The number of days particular share is being traded reflects the liquidity of the market. If it is trad ed actively 50%of the days when the market is open, then it is termed as liquid. The variation in price of the share from one trading day to another also determines the liquidity of the share.If the difference between the lowest asked(or offered) price and highest bid-price is wide, the market is said to lack depth and considered shallow. Actually bid- asked spread is an inverse measure of liquidity. ‘ Tick’ as the minimum difference in rates between two orders on the same side i. e. , buy or sell entered on the system for a scrip. Trading in scrips listed on BSE is done with the size of 5 paise, it is 1 paise, in case of mutual funds and others to encourage orders at finer rates and improve liquidity.In United states, variation of one –eighth point in the price from the immediate trade is considered liquid. In our country, the minimum tick start from 0. 25. 4. Fair price determination: The prices in the stock market are determined by the interplay of the forces of supply and demand. When the prices are going up, it is termed as bull phase and when the prices are going down, it is termed as bear phase. As seen earlier active, bidding and two-way auction trading takes place in the stock exchange. The result is as near a market for free trading and free competition, as can be found anywhere.The bargains that are struck are at the fairest price, determined by the basic laws of supply and demand. At time large scale speculator activities raise the price of the share. But such activities are ephemeral in nature. There is no fundamental relationship between book value, par value and market value of share, because the share price may experience a boom if there is large scale investment from an individual or mutual fund company and also during such period too much money chases a few shares.The performance of the stock exchange is also subject to speculation, which at times, drives up the prices above the investment worth and at others, below it. Un der the normal circumstances, one would leave the situation to the forces of the market- what the buyers and sellers willing to bid and to offer. But in India, conscious policy is adopted to make shares attractive to the foreign institutional investors who evaluates our market, in relation to the other emerging markets. The stabilization of the stock market prices around a reasonable level would be desirable. . Aid to Financing Activities: Listed company finds it helpful to sell further issues of their shares in the primary market based on the good performance of their earlier ones. An active market and the good market price’s for the company’s shares makes the task of raising funds through further issues easier. This facilitates the company to command good price for the subsequent primary issue in the market. Rights themselves have an immediate and a wide market in the stock exchanges, provided the price including the premium reflects a fair price.Thus the stock excha nges enable a company to market further issues successfully by creating a continuous market for the rights. 6. Other allied functions: * The market prices established in the stock exchange trading are useful for tax purpose. * The stipulation on disclosure and transparency ensures that the investors have access to information on the listed companies, particularly with regards to their financial condition. * It serves to protect the investor’s interest by eliminating the dishonest and irregular practices rampant in the brokerage trade. To ensure a measure of safety and fair dealing to protect investors interest. * To provide the instant valuation of securities caused by changes in the internal environment. * To induce companies to improve performance since the market price at the stock exchanges reflects the performance and this market price is readily available to investors. * Secondary marketing is vital to an efficient and modern capital market. * In the secondary market, s ecurities are sold by and transferred from one investor or speculator to another. * Risk management

The Tempest Passage Analysis Essays

The Tempest Passage Analysis Essays The Tempest Passage Analysis Essay The Tempest Passage Analysis Essay Essay Topic: The Tempest In William Shakespeares The Tempest, one of the most intriguing characters that Shakespeare creates is that of Prospero. Prosperos character is significant as he adds a mysterious aspect to The Tempest because Prospero, himself, is also very hidden and secretive. The passage from Act 1, Scene 2, lines 271 to 286 provides the reader with an example of how Prospero can be very manipulative and deceitful. One of the first assumptions that the reader can make is that it is throughout this particular speech that Prospero is employing his manipulative skills in order to convince Ariel that it is only because of Prosperos powers that Ariel is now free from being trapped within the cloven pine, within which rift/ Imprisoned [Ariel] didst painfully remain. (1:2:279-280) Through Prosperos speech, it becomes evident that Prospero is attempting to emphasize the emptiness and torturous isolation that Ariel had to endure and might have continued to endure was it not for the help of Prospero. It is interesting to point out, however, that Prospero seems to over-emphasize the issue which is obviously suggested through his language. For example, Prospero exclaims to Ariel such phrases as left thee there, where thou didst vent thy groans,(1:2:282) Imprisoned thou didst painfully remain/ A dozen years; within which space she died, (1:2:280-281) and Then was this island- / Save for the son that she did litter here. (1:2:283-284) Through particular words such as left, groans, space, the reader sees how Prospero uses his art of persuasion in order to make Ariel believe that the life that he now possesses is of much more value than the empty, painful and isolated life that he once lived. Although it is evident that Prospero attempts to portray himself as a noble, good-natured man, this point may be argued. In fact, Prospero calls Ariel my slave (1:2:272) which leaves the reader to question why Prospero simply did not grant Ariel his freedom initially if he was so kind and noble. I n comparison, the relationship between Prospero and Ariel can be seen as symbolic of the relationship that existed between the European settlers and the original inhabitants of the land of which they exploited. In both cases, Prospero and the European settlers use the excuse that they are actually helping the inhabitants as justification for their acts. In addition to the unveiling of Prosperos manipulative character, it also becomes evident that Prospero places a great value on honor. Interestingly, however, Prospero associates honor with physical appearance. This is clearly shown when Prospero calls Caliban [a] freckled whelp, hag-born not honored with/ A human shape. (1:2:285-286) In effect, Prospero is illustrated as being a superficial man who looks down upon those who do not fit the standards created by society. Thus, the main significance of the passage is that it allows the reader to truly understand Prosperos two-dimensional character. Although it is portrayed that he is a good man for helping Ariel, it is also seen that he uses that compassionate act in order to manipulate Ariel in being his slave. In addition, the reader acknowledges that honor is of importance to Prospero, yet he associates honor with superficial ideals. In effect, the false impression that Prospero attempts to portray becomes just one of the many illusions that exist on Prosperos island.

Radiography Dissertation Topic Samples and How to Write an Introduction

Radiography Dissertation Topic Samples and How to Write an Introduction Radiography Dissertation: Topic Samples and How to Write an Introduction Selecting a topic for a Radiography dissertation is one of the most difficult steps in the academic career. The topic should cover 2 tasks: on the one hand, it should be interesting to you, on the other hand it should be significant for the general research of the field. This article contains a few pieces of advice on how to come up with good ideas, choose the best topic and start writing the Radiology dissertation. Radiology Dissertation Topics In the past, radiology mainly involved X-Rays, but today, there are many forms of radiology. The following are the directions in which you can find a really interesting and unusual dissertation. As you can see, these topics discuss new technology, their relevance, and their pros and cons. History of Radiology Definition of Radiology Forms of Radiology Radiography Angiography Tomography by Using Modern Technology Magnetic Resonance Imaging Nuclear Treatment Pros of Radiology Introduction to Radiology Choose your own direction, dig into it, and you are sure to come up with an engaging topic. Key Points on the Introduction for a Radiology Dissertation An introduction provides for a clear foundation for your topics, thesis and later, your research project. A draft of the introduction for a Radiology dissertation should be written early enough. This should be done when you hand over your research proposal. A proposal aims to tell the readers your extensive outline of ideas, why you seek to look into this subject and what you expect to find and establish. An introduction should be updated as many times as possible as your ideas evolve throughout paper writing. An updated preface will ensure that the dissertation remains on the right track. An excellent preface contains a statement of the research question and what you aim to find in your research. It should introduce and partly review the literature that is listed in your dissertation topic. This helps in highlighting what is known and explaining its framework. If your research is an argument, then the start is the best place for a researcher to give his or her own opinion. The introduction is supposed to show how your dissertation will enhance the theory behind your topic. The Proposal The introduction of your thesis will mostly come from your research proposal. The introduction should set the framework for the work to do later and highlight your point of views and research that was done before yours. It is supposed to emphasize why you decided to look into the area, what is expected to be found in the literature and what you hope to find out. Since you have now completed all the work at this stage, your introduction should be crystal clear by showing what you chose to investigate and your scope of practice. Some of the ideas that will help you in creating a strong dissertation introduction should include the following. Firstly, you should have a series of capturing sentences that grabs readers’ attention; Secondly, do not try to highlight broadly your whole dissertation in your introduction. Only outline the specific aspects of your thesis and points of view; Third, only promise what you are sure you have delivered; And lastly, keep your language simple and straightforward. It is essential to do this in your introduction and throughout the research.

Auditing HIH disaster Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Auditing HIH disaster - Essay Example In spite of major events which took place in succession in the HIH, some thing was lurking behind. By January 1999, the HIH acquired FAI insurance for A$ 300 million which later turned out be worth onlyA$100 million though the external audit of Arthur Andersen for the year 2000 did not make any issue of it. On the other hand the company was lauded to be worth A$ 939 million. Soon after in September, it sold half of its profitable retail general insurance business for cash liquidity and as a result its share prices fell down from A$ 1.05 to A$ 0.45 when the company announced losses. Yet the regulatory authority did not think fit to inspect the accounts as it relied on the external audit report had painted a healthy picture. This was followed by the resignation of the CEO founder of the company for 30+ years, with a compensation of A$ 5 million in December 2000. As the company had not filled its December statements, when they became overdue by February 2001, the regulator APRA was conc erned for the first time. Meanwhile on 27 February Australian Securities & Investments Commission (ASIC) took the initiative by suspending HIH's share trading soon followed by the APRA's fire fighting act of transferring the company's risk portfolio to other insurance companies to the extent possible. On 15 March 2001 HIH declared provisional liquidation with Government agencies covering some of its obligations which might cost the tax payer about A$ 1 billion to bail out policy holders. On 16 March, finally APRA started inspection of the HIH affairs. Government of Australia lost no time to set up an independent Royal Commission by August 2001 as already announced in May 2001 to investigate into the failure of the company. It took 6 months for the liquidator to arrive at the losses as between A$ 3.6 billion and A$ 5.3 billion. It has been stated that not only the settlement of policies and the company's creditors could not be made in full but also it would take ten years for disburs ement which might be in the ratio of 1: 0.5. This was how the second largest Australian insurer's corporate bubble burst representing the biggest collapse in the corporate history of Australia to date. The whole imbroglio was attributed to poor management by under pricing of policies and overestimation of its assets mostly non tangible rather than frauds. Soon after the company's fall, the premium market shot up steeply. While the APRA conceded that it was because of not provisioning the company with sufficient capital to cover its risks for quite a number of years that this had happened, the Australian Prime Minister had to rebut the public accusations that political donations siphoned off the company's resources. (Sungard Banc ware Erisk). Actually the company had indulged in acquisition spree of more than 200 subsidiaries which only made the company's size unwieldy in an already overcrowded and competitive insurance market though the acquisitions accounted for 26% premium growth per annum for a decade. Most controversial of all was the acquisition of FAI insurance for A$ 300 million which was worth hardly A$ 100 million and that too the company had borrowed money for the settlement. Rodney Adler the major stock holder of FAI who also became a member of HIH Board however clarified "that the purchase price of his company was too high by stating that the price was set, by definition,